DRF 简单使用（详细注释版）
2024-09-07 13:20:42
1.djangorestframework使用
- 下载安装
pip install djangorestframework ## djangorestframework
pip install django-filter ## 过滤使用
- 注册
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'rest_framework',
'django_filters'
]
- model
class Feedback(models.Model):
type_choice = (
(0, '未分类'),
(1, '学习笔记'),
(2, '学员评价'),
(3, '入职邀约'),
)
img = models.ImageField(upload_to='img/feedback/')
back_type = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choice, default=0)
- 路由
url(r'^ajax_feedback/', views.AjaxFeedback.as_view()),
- 视图
from rest_framework import generics
from web.serializers import FeedbackSerializer
from web.pagination import DefaultPagination
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
class AjaxFeedback(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Feedback.objects.all()
serializer_class = FeedbackSerializer
pagination_class = DefaultPagination
filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, ]
filter_fields = ['back_type']
- 序列化器类
from rest_framework import serializers
from repository import models
class FeedbackSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Feedback
fields = ['img']
- 分页类
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class DefaultPagination(PageNumberPagination):
page_size = 8 # 一页多少条数据
page_query_param = 'page' # 分页查询条件的key
page_size_query_param = 'size'
# max_page_size = 8
2.序列化器serializer
序列化: 将对象,字符串等数据类型转化为可用于传输/存储的数据形式
- -----serializer文件-----
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
# 获取外键名称
class PublisherSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
# 1.自定义序列化器获取manytomany外键名称
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField()
name = serializers.CharField()
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# 要序列化的书籍参数
title = serializers.CharField()
price = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)
pub_date = serializers.DateTimeField()
# 仅仅在get需要的字段
pub = PublisherSerializer(required=False, read_only=True) # 获取外键字段名称,自定义序列化器
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True) # 获取多对多字段名称 1.自定义序列化器 2.自定义 get_字段名字段名
# 仅仅在post需要的字段
post_pub = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
post_author = serializers.ListField(write_only=True)
# 2.自定义 get_字段名
def get_authors(self, obj): # obj是书籍对象
ser_obj = AuthorSerializer(obj.authors.all(), many=True)
return ser_obj.data
# 新建数据写入数据库时自定义create方法
def create(self, validated_data):# validated_data校验过的数据
# 写入数据
book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(
title=validated_data['title'],
price=validated_data['price'],
pub_date=validated_data['pub_date'],
pub_id=validated_data['post_pub']
)
book_obj.authors.set(validated_data['post_author'])
return book_obj
# put方法执行到save方法是,执行update
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
instance.title = validated_data.get('title',instance.title)# 使用get请求方法防止在部分修改数据时报错
instance.price = validated_data.get('price',instance.price)
instance.pub_date = validated_data.get('pub_date',instance.pub_date)
instance.pub_id = validated_data.get('post_pub',instance.pub_id)
instance.save()
instance.authors.set(validated_data.get('post_authors',instance.authors.all()))
return instance
- -----view文件-----
from app_rest import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response # rest_framework返回对象
from app_rest.serializer import BookSerializer
class BookList(APIView):
"""查询新增"""
# 获取数据
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
all_books = models.Book.objects.all()
ser_data = BookSerializer(all_books, many=True) # many=True可以加入一个对象列表,单个对象不需要加入many参数
return Response(ser_data.data)
# 提交数据
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
ser_obj = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.data)
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
class BookView(APIView):
"""修改删除"""
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
"""查询到要修改的数据"""
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser_obj = BookSerializer(instance=book_obj)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
def put(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
"""
提交要修改的数据
:return:
"""
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser_obj = BookSerializer(instance=book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True) # partial=True 允许部分修改
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.data)
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
def delete(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
"""删除"""
obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
if obj:
obj.delete()
return Response({'msg': '删除成功'})
return Response({'error': '数据不存在'})
---data.json---需要数据结构
{
"title": "桃花侠大战菊花怪1",
"price": "111.11",
"pub_date": "2019-01-01T10:10:10Z",
"post_pub": 1,
"post_author": [
1,
2
]
}
3. 序列化器钩子
自定义校验器
from rest_framework import serializers def validate_title(value):
if '苍老师' in value:
raise serializers.ValidationError
return value class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# 要序列化的书籍参数
title = serializers.CharField(validators=[])
局部钩子与全局钩子
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
title = serializers.CharField()
price = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)
pub_date = serializers.DateTimeField()
# 仅仅在get需要的字段
pub = PublisherSerializer(required=False, read_only=True) # 获取外键字段名称,自定义序列化器
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True) # 获取多对多字段名称 1.自定义序列化器 2.自定义 get_字段名字段名 # 仅仅在post需要的字段
post_pub = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
post_author = serializers.ListField(write_only=True) # 2.自定义 get_字段名
def get_authors(self, obj): # obj是书籍对象
ser_obj = AuthorSerializer(obj.authors.all(), many=True)
return ser_obj.data # 局部钩子
def validate_title(self,value):
if '苍老师' in value:
raise serializers.ValidationError
return value # 全局钩子
def validate(self,attrs):
if '苍老师' in attrs:
raise serializers.ValidationError
return attrs
4.modelserializer
from rest_framework import serializers
# 获取外键名称
class PublisherSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
# 1.自定义序列化器获取manytomany外键名称
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField()
name = serializers.CharField()
# 显示字段
class BookSerializer(serializers.modelSerializer):
# 显示外键以及多对多字段的name
pub_info = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only = True )
authors_info = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only = True )
def get_pub_info(self,obj):
return PublisherSerializer(obj,pub).data
def get_authors_info(self,obj):
return AuthorSerializer(obj,author.all(),many = True).data
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__'
#给字段加限制
extra_kwargs = {
'pub':{'write_only':True},
'authors':{'write_only':True}
}
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