学习k8s（四）
2024-09-04 21:22:34
1、K8S核心组件
1、Master节点:
etcd: 分布式键值对数据库,保存集群状态
api-server： 接受并响应用户的请求
controller： 控制器管理,控制容器的副本数,故障检测
scheduler： 资源调度器,选择启动容器的node节点
2、Node节点:
kubelet： 调用docker,管理容器生命周期
kube-proxy： 提供网络访问,负载均衡
2、k8s的安装部署
1、安装docker(所有节点)
# yum install docker-1.12.rpm
# docker pull gcr.azk8s.cn/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.0 #国内镜像服务器
# systemctl start docker 2、安装etcd(key=value数据库)
1) 安装配置
# yum install -y etcd
# vim /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://10.0.0.11:2379"
2) 启动服务
# systemctl start etcd.service
3) 端口检测及测试服务状态
# etcdctl set name test #设置name=test
# etcdctl get name #查看
# netstat -lntp | grep etcd
2379 #客户端连接端口
2380 #etcd集群连接端口 3、安装k8s-master
1) 安装配置
# yum install kubernetes-master -y
# vim /etc/kubernetes/apiserver #主配置文件
KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"
KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://10.0.0.11:2379"
KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"
KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ResourceQuota"
# vim /etc/kubernetes/config #公共配置文件
KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://10.0.0.11:8080"
2) 启动服务
# systemctl start kube-apiserver.service
# systemctl start kube-controller-manager.service
# systemctl start kube-scheduler.service
3) 测试
# kubectl get cs #检测服务是否正常 4、安装k8s-node
1) 安装配置
# yum install kubernetes-node -y
# vim /etc/kubernetes/config #公共配置文件
KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://10.0.0.11:8080"
# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet #主配置文件
KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=10.0.0.12"
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=10.0.0.12"
KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://10.0.0.11:8080"
2) 启动服务
# systemctl start kubelet.service
# systemctl start kube-proxy.service
3) 检查服务(master节点执行)
# kubectl get nodes 5、安装flannel(跨主机通信)
1) 安装配置(所有节点)
# yum install flannel -y
# vim /etc/sysconfig/flanneld
FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://10.0.1.11:2379"
FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/atomic.io/network"
2) 配置网络(master节点)
# etcdctl mk /atomic.io/network/config '{ "Network": "172.16.0.0/16" }'
# etcdctl get /atomic.io/network/config
3) 启动服务
# systemctl start flanneld.service
4) 重启所有服务(所有节点)
systemctl restart kube-apiserver.service
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager.service
systemctl restart kube-scheduler.service
systemctl restart kubelet.service
systemctl restart kube-proxy.service
5) 检查服务
ifconfig flannel0 6、配置私有镜像仓库
1) 配置镜像加速和私有仓库地址(master节点)
# vim /etc/sysconfig/docker
OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com --insecure-registry=10.0.0.11:5000'
# systemctl restart docker
2) 启动私有仓库(master节点)
# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry -v /opt/registry:/var/lib/registry registry
3) 推送镜像测试(node节点)
# vim /etc/sysconfig/docker
OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --insecure-registry=10.0.0.11:5000'
# docker tag nginx 10.0.0.11:5000/oldguo/nginx:v1
# docker push 10.0.0.11:5000/oldguo/nginx:v1
# docker images
# docker pull 10.0.0.11:5000/oldguo/nginx:v1
3、pod资源管理
1、yaml的主要组成
apiVersion: v1 api版本
kind: pod 资源类型
metadata: 属性
spec: 详细
2、pod文件
# cat k8s_pod.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: web
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: 10.0.0.11:5000/oldguonginx:v1
ports:
- containerPort: 80
3、pod基本操作
创建
# kubectl create –f ks8_pod.yaml
查询
# kubectl get pod
# kubectl get pod -o wide #查看资源列表
# kubectl describe pod #详细查询
# kubectl get pods -o wide --namespace=oldguo #查看不同命名空间的pod
删除
# kubectl delete pod nginx
# kubectl delete -f ks8_pod.yaml
更新
# Kubectl replace ks8_pod.yaml
# kubectl replace --force -f k8s_pod.yml #强制更新
其他
# kubectl explain pod.spec #yml编写帮助
# kubectl edit pod nginx #在线修改pod配置
4、RC资源管理
1、介绍
ReplicationController: 副本控制器,rc通过标签(metadata)选择器(selector)来管理pod
rc: 保证指定数量的pod始终存活,弹性伸缩，滚动升级 2、创建rc文件
# vim nginx-1.13-rc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: nginx #rc名
spec:
replicas: 3 #副本数
selector:
app: nginx #管理pod名
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx #pod名
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: 10.0.0.11:5000/oldguo/nginx:1.13
ports: 3、rc的基本操作
1) 创建
# kubectl create -f nginx-1.13-rc.yaml
2) 查看
# kubectl get rc
3) 删除pod，rc会自动创建
# kubectl delete rc nginx
4) 更新
# kuberctl edit rc nginx #在线修改(不常用)
# kubectl scale rc nginx --replicas=2 #修改副本数(推荐)
# kubectl replace -f nginx-1.13-rc.yaml #更新(先删再创建,会停服,不推荐)
5) 滚动的升级和回滚
# kubectl rolling-update nginx -f nginx-1.15-rc.yaml --update-period=20s #升级
# kubectl rolling-update nginx -f nginx-1.13-rc.yaml --update-period=10s #回滚
# kubectl rolling-update nginx -f nginx-1.15-rc.yaml --update-period=10s --rollback #升级中回退
5、deployment资源管理
1、介绍
拥有rc的功能,支持事件,状态查看,版本记录等
2、创建deployment文件
# vim nginx-dep.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
replicas: 2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: 10.0.0.11:5000/oldguo/nginx:1.13
ports:
- containerPort: 80 3、deployment的基本操作
1) 创建
# kubectl create -f nginx-dep.yaml
# kubectl create -f nginx-dep.yaml --record #记录执行的步骤
2) 查看
# kubectl get deploy
3) 删除
# kubectl delete deploy nginx
4) 更新
# kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=2
5) 滚动的升级和回滚
# kubectl set image deployment/nginx nginx=10.0.0.11:5000/oldguo/nginx:1.15
# kubectl rollout status deployment nginx #查看状态
# kubectl rollout history deployment nginx #查看历史状态
# kubectl rollout history deployment nginx --revision=2 #查看历史版本
# kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx #回滚到上次版本
# kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx --to-revision=1 #回滚到指定版本
5、service资源管理
1、介绍
service提供了一个固定虚拟VIP,通过IP访问pod，并且提供负载均衡
Node IP -----> Cluster IP -----> Pod IP
2、创建svc配置文件
# vim nginx-svc.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 80
nodePort: 30001
selector:
app: nginx
3、svc的基本操作
1) 创建
# kubectl create -f nginx-svc.yaml
2) 查看
# kubectl get svc
3) 删除
# kubectl delete svc nginx
4) 更新
# kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=2
6、持久化存储(PV和PVC)
1、创建pv文件
# vim pv-test01.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: test01-pv #pv的名
labels:
pv: test01 #标签名
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
nfs:
path: "/data"
server: 10.0.0.11
readOnly: false
# vim pv-test02.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv-test02
labels:
pv: test02
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
nfs:
path: "/mysql"
server: 10.0.0.11
readOnly: false 2、创建pvc文件
# vim pvc_nfs.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: pvc_nfs #pvc的名
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
selector:
matchLabels:
pv: test01 #绑定指定的pv(指定标签名)
# vim pvc_mysql.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: pvc_mysql
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
selector:
matchLabels:
pv: test02 3、创建
# kubectl create -f pv-test01.yaml
# kubectl create -f pv-test02.yaml
# kubectl create -f pvc_nfs.yaml
# kubectl create -f pvc_mysql.yaml
# kubectl get pv
# kubectl get pvc
7、wordpress项目
1、安装配置NFS
1) master节点
# yum install -y nfs-utils-*
# mkdir /data
# mkdir /code
# vim /etc/exports
/data 10.0.0.0/24(rw,async,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
/code 10.0.0.0/24(rw,async,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
# systemctl restart rpcbind
# systemctl restart nfs
# showmount -e
2) node节点
# yum install -y nfs-utils-*
# systemctl restart rpcbind
# systemctl restart nfs 2、定义pv
1) mysql的pv
# vim pv_mysql.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv-data
labels:
type: pv-mysql
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
nfs:
path: "/data"
server: 10.0.0.11
readOnly: false
2) wordpress的pv
# vim pv_wp.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv-code
labels:
type: pv-wp
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
nfs:
path: "/code"
server: 10.0.0.11
readOnly: false 3、定义pvc
1) mysql的pvc
# vim pvc_mysql.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: pvc-mysql
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
selector:
matchLabels:
type: pv-mysql
2) wordpress的pvc
# vim pvc_wp.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: pvc-wp
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
selector:
matchLabels:
type: pv-wp 4、创建 pv 和 pvc
# kubectl create -f pv_mysql.yml
# kubectl create -f pv_wp.yml
# kubectl create -f pvc_mysql.yml
# kubectl create -f pvc_wp.yml
# kubectl get pv
# kubectl get pvc 5、创建mysql的rc
# vim mysql-rc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: mysql
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
app: mysql
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql
image: 10.0.0.11:5000/mysql:5.7
ports:
- containerPort: 3306
volumeMounts:
- name: nfs-vol
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: "123456"
- name: MYSQL_DATABASE
value: "wordpress"
- name: MYSQL_USER
value: "wordpress"
- name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
value: "wordpress"
volumes:
- name: nfs-vol
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: pvc-mysql
# kubectl create -f mysql-rc.yaml 6、创建mysql的svc
# vim mysql-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mysql
spec:
ports:
- port: 3306
selector:
app: mysql
# kubectl create -f mysql-svc.yaml 7、获取 MySQL 集群 IP
# kubectl get svc
mysql 10.254.69.58 <none> 3306/TCP 28s 8、创建wordpress的rc
# vim wp-rc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: myweb
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
app: myweb
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myweb
spec:
containers:
- name: myweb
image: 10.0.0.11:5000/wordpress:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 80
volumeMounts:
- name: nfs-vol
mountPath: /var/www/html
env:
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
value: '10.254.69.58'
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
value: 'wordpress'
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
value: 'wordpress'
volumes:
- name: nfs-vol
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: pvc-wp
# kubectl create -f wp-rc.yaml 9、创建wordpress的svc
# vim wp-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myweb
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 80
nodePort: 30008
selector:
app: myweb
# kubectl create -f wp-svc.yaml 10、测试
浏览器访问
http://10.0.0.11:30008/
最新文章
- 初学者--bootstrap（六）组件中的下拉菜单----在路上（10）
- Android数据存储-读取内部存储空间数据
- mybatis中表与表之间的关联
- 第十篇：扩展SOUI的控件及绘图对象(ISkinObj)
- Codeforces Round #242 (Div. 2) B. Megacity
- Python对整形数字进行加密和解密
- 【转+自己研究】新姿势之Docker Remote API未授权访问漏洞分析和利用
- combobox select .change onSelect事件触发
- asp.net解析请求报文
- ubuntu下root用户配置
- 【转】Netty那点事（一）概述
- sql日期函数
- POJ 2104(K-th Number-区间第k大-主席树)
- UNIX环境高级编程——守护进程
- Python3学习之路~5.10 PyYAML模块
- shell（3）拼写检查与词典操作
- JS函数&DOM
- linux下混杂模式
- [YARN] 2.2 GB of 2.1 GB virtual memory used. Killing container.
- bzoj1741 [Usaco2005 nov]Asteroids 穿越小行星群 最小点覆盖