asp.net Mvc Npoi 导出导入 excel
因近期项目遇到所以记录一下:
首先导出Excel :
首先引用NPOI包
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i3Fosux
(Action一定要用FileResult)
/// <summary>
/// 批量导出本校第一批派位学生
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public FileResult ExportStu2()
{
string schoolname = "401";
//创建Excel文件的对象
NPOI.HSSF.UserModel.HSSFWorkbook book = new NPOI.HSSF.UserModel.HSSFWorkbook();
//添加一个sheet
NPOI.SS.UserModel.ISheet sheet1 = book.CreateSheet("Sheet1");
//获取list数据
List<TB_STUDENTINFOModel> listRainInfo = m_BLL.GetSchoolListAATQ(schoolname);
//给sheet1添加第一行的头部标题
NPOI.SS.UserModel.IRow row1 = sheet1.CreateRow(0);
row1.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue("电脑号");
row1.CreateCell(1).SetCellValue("姓名");
//将数据逐步写入sheet1各个行
for (int i = 0; i < listRainInfo.Count; i++)
{
NPOI.SS.UserModel.IRow rowtemp = sheet1.CreateRow(i + 1);
rowtemp.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(listRainInfo[i].ST_CODE.ToString());
rowtemp.CreateCell(1).SetCellValue(listRainInfo[i].ST_NAME.ToString());
}
// 写入到客户端
System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
book.Write(ms);
ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
return File(ms, "application/vnd.ms-excel", "第一批电脑派位生名册.xls");
}
前台直接写就可实现:
1、 @Html.ActionLink("点击导出名册", "ExportStu2")
下面说一下导出:
首先说一些前台吧,mvc上传注意必须加 new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }:
<td>
2、@using(@Html.BeginForm("ImportStu", "ProSchool", FormMethod.Post, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))
{
<text>选择上传文件:(工作表名为“Sheet1”,“电脑号”在A1单元格。)</text>
<input name="file" type="file" id="file" />
<input type="submit" name="Upload" value="批量导入第一批电脑派位名册" />
}
</td>
后台实现:只传路径得出DataTable:
/// <summary>
/// Excel导入
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public DataTable ImportExcelFile(string filePath)
{
HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook;
#region//初始化信息
try
{
using (FileStream file = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw e;
}
#endregion using (NPOI.SS.UserModel.ISheet sheet = hssfworkbook.GetSheetAt(0))
{
DataTable table = new DataTable();
IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0);//第一行为标题行
int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum;//LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells
int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum;//LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1 //handling header.
for (int i = headerRow.FirstCellNum; i < cellCount; i++)
{
DataColumn column = new DataColumn(headerRow.GetCell(i).StringCellValue);
table.Columns.Add(column);
}
for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)
{
IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
DataRow dataRow = table.NewRow(); if (row != null)
{
for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)
{
if (row.GetCell(j) != null)
dataRow[j] = GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j));
}
} table.Rows.Add(dataRow);
}
return table;
} }
补充一个类
/// <summary>
/// 根据Excel列类型获取列的值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cell">Excel列</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetCellValue(ICell cell)
{
if (cell == null)
return string.Empty;
switch (cell.CellType)
{
case CellType.BLANK:
return string.Empty;
case CellType.BOOLEAN:
return cell.BooleanCellValue.ToString();
case CellType.ERROR:
return cell.ErrorCellValue.ToString();
case CellType.NUMERIC:
case CellType.Unknown:
default:
return cell.ToString();//This is a trick to get the correct value of the cell. NumericCellValue will return a numeric value no matter the cell value is a date or a number
case CellType.STRING:
return cell.StringCellValue;
case CellType.FORMULA:
try
{
HSSFFormulaEvaluator e = new HSSFFormulaEvaluator(cell.Sheet.Workbook);
e.EvaluateInCell(cell);
return cell.ToString();
}
catch
{
return cell.NumericCellValue.ToString();
}
}
}
得到DataTable后,就想怎么操作就怎么操作了
使用NPOI导入导出标准Excel
2011-11-18 22:24 by 囧月, 28284 阅读, 39 评论, 收藏, 编辑
尝试过很多Excel导入导出方法,都不太理想,无意中逛到oschina时,发现了NPOI,无需Office COM组件且不依赖Office,顿时惊为天人,怀着无比激动的心情写下此文。
曾使用过的方法
- 直接导出html,修改后缀名为.xls,这个方法有点像骗人的把戏,而且不能再导入
- 使用Jet OLEDB引擎来进行导入导出,完全使用sql语句来进行操作,缺点能控制的东西非常有限,比如格式就难以控制
- 使用Office COM组件进行导入导出,对环境依赖性太强(如“检索 COM 类工厂…”错误);且需要通过打开Excel.exe进程进行操作;虽然可以通过关闭工作表以及Marshal.ReleaseComObject方法来释放资源,但依然避免不了性能差。
关于NPOI
NPOI是POI项目的.NET版本,是由@Tony Qu(http://tonyqus.cnblogs.com/)等大侠基于POI开发的,可以从http://npoi.codeplex.com/下载到它的最新版本。它不使用Office COM组件(Microsoft.Office.Interop.XXX.dll),不需要安装Microsoft Office,支持对Office 97-2003的文件格式,功能比较强大。更详细的说明请看作者的博客或官方网站。
它的以下一些特性让我相当喜欢:
- 支持对标准的Excel读写
- 支持对流(Stream)的读写 (而Jet OLEDB和Office COM都只能针对文件)
- 支持大部分Office COM组件的常用功能
- 性能优异 (相对于前面的方法)
- 使用简单,易上手
使用NPOI
本文使用的是它当前的最新版本1.2.4,此版本的程序集缩减至2个:NPOI.dll、Ionic.Zip.dll,直接引用到项目中即可。
对于我们开发者使用的对象主要位于NPOI.HSSF.UserModel空间下,主要有HSSFWorkbook、HSSFSheet、HSSFRow、HSSFCell,对应的接口为位于NPOI.SS.UserModel空间下的IWorkbook、ISheet、IRow、ICell,分别对应Excel文件、工作表、行、列。
简单演示一下创建一个Workbook对象,添加一个工作表,在工作表中添加一行一列:
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using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; using NPOI.SS.UserModel; public class NPOIWrite { void CreateSheet() { IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); //创建Workbook对象 ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet( "Sheet1" ); //创建工作表 IRow row = sheet.CreateRow(0); //在工作表中添加一行 ICell cell = row.CreateCell(0); //在行中添加一列 cell.SetCellValue( "test" ); //设置列的内容 } } |
相应的读取代码:
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using System.IO; using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; using NPOI.SS.UserModel; public class NPOIRead { void GetSheet(Stream stream) { IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(stream); //从流内容创建Workbook对象 ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0); //获取第一个工作表 IRow row = sheet.GetRow(0); //获取工作表第一行 ICell cell = row.GetCell(0); //获取行的第一列 string value = cell.ToString(); //获取列的值 } } |
使用NPOI导出
从DataTable读取内容来创建Workbook对象:
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public static MemoryStream RenderToExcel(DataTable table) { MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); using (table) { using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook()) { using (ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet()) { IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); // handling header. foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns) headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.Caption); //If Caption not set, returns the ColumnName value // handling value. int rowIndex = 1; foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows) { IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex); foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns) { dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(row[column].ToString()); } rowIndex++; } workbook.Write(ms); ms.Flush(); ms.Position = 0; } } } return ms; } |
如果看不惯DataTable,那么DataReader也行:
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public static MemoryStream RenderToExcel(IDataReader reader) { MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); using (reader) { using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook()) { using (ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet()) { IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); int cellCount = reader.FieldCount; // handling header. for ( int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++) { headerRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader.GetName(i)); } // handling value. int rowIndex = 1; while (reader.Read()) { IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex); for ( int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++) { dataRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader[i].ToString()); } rowIndex++; } workbook.Write(ms); ms.Flush(); ms.Position = 0; } } } return ms; } |
以上代码把创建的Workbook对象保存到流中,可以通过以下方法输出到浏览器,或是保存到硬盘中:
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static void SaveToFile(MemoryStream ms, string fileName) { using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)) { byte [] data = ms.ToArray(); fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length); fs.Flush(); data = null ; } } static void RenderToBrowser(MemoryStream ms, HttpContext context, string fileName) { if (context.Request.Browser.Browser == "IE" ) fileName = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(fileName); context.Response.AddHeader( "Content-Disposition" , "attachment;fileName=" + fileName); context.Response.BinaryWrite(ms.ToArray()); } |
使用NPOI导入
需要注意的是,sheet.LastRowNum = sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1,这里可能存在BUG:当没有数据或只有一行数据时sheet.LastRowNum为0,PhysicalNumberOfRows 表现正常。
这里读取流中的Excel来创建Workbook对象,并转换成DataTable:
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static DataTable RenderFromExcel(Stream excelFileStream) { using (excelFileStream) { using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream)) { using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0)) //取第一个表 { DataTable table = new DataTable(); IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); //第一行为标题行 int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; //LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum; //LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1 //handling header. for ( int i = headerRow.FirstCellNum; i < cellCount; i++) { DataColumn column = new DataColumn(headerRow.GetCell(i).StringCellValue); table.Columns.Add(column); } for ( int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++) { IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i); DataRow dataRow = table.NewRow(); if (row != null ) { for ( int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++) { if (row.GetCell(j) != null ) dataRow[j] = GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j)); } } table.Rows.Add(dataRow); } return table; } } } } |
或者是直接生成SQL语句来插入到数据库:
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public static int RenderToDb(Stream excelFileStream, string insertSql, DBAction dbAction) { int rowAffected = 0; using (excelFileStream) { using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream)) { using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0)) //取第一个工作表 { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); //第一行为标题行 int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; //LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum; //LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1 for ( int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++) { IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i); if (row != null ) { builder.Append(insertSql); builder.Append( " values (" ); for ( int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++) { builder.AppendFormat( "'{0}'," , GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j)).Replace( "'" , "''" )); } builder.Length = builder.Length - 1; builder.Append( ");" ); } if ((i % 50 == 0 || i == rowCount) && builder.Length > 0) { //每50条记录一次批量插入到数据库 rowAffected += dbAction(builder.ToString()); builder.Length = 0; } } } } } return rowAffected; } |
这里的Excel可能没有数据,所以可以加一个方法来检测:
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public static bool HasData(Stream excelFileStream) { using (excelFileStream) { using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream)) { if (workbook.NumberOfSheets > 0) { using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0)) { return sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows > 0; } } } } return false ; } |
结尾
好吧,不说啥了,放代码:点击下载
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