Django View 进阶

返回404

from django.http import HttpResponse,  HttpResponseNotFound

def not_found(request):

    return HttpResponse('Not found', status=)

    或

    return HttpResponseNotFound('Not found')

注意返回的页面和status=200一样都是'Not found'

自定义错误视图

1. 修改配置文件

# settings.py

DEBUG = False

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

2. 创建视图函数

# views.py

from django.http import  HttpResponse

def not_found_view(request):

    return HttpResponse('404页面')

def server_error(request):

    return HttpResponse('500页面')

3. 配置项目路由

# urls.py

from .  import views

handler404 = views.not_found_view

handler500 = views.server_error

# handler403 = views.403_view

# handler400 = views.400_view

render()函数

render(request, template_name, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, using=None)

必填项

request：request用户生成response
template_name：模板名称，可以是列表会使用先找到的那个

可选项

context：渲染模板的context字典，默认是{}
content_type：响应的 MIME type，默认使用 settings.py中 DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE
status：响应状态码默认 status=200
using：模板引擎，可更改默认引擎，如jinja2

redirect()函数

redirect(to, permanet=False, *args, **kwargs)，返回一个HttpResponseRedirect

to参数可以是：

model对象、视图名称、相对或绝对URL地址

object    = MyModel.objects.get(...)

return     redirect(object)

return     redirect('some-view-name', foo='bar' )

return     redirect('/some/url/')

return     redirect('https://example.com/', permanent=True)

get_object_or_404() 函数

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

def my_view(request):

    my_object = get_object_or_404(MyModel, pk=1)

# 代码等同于

from  django.http import Http404

def my_view(request):

    try:

        my_object = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1)

    except MyModel.DoesNotExist:

        raise Http404("No MyModel matches    the given query.")

其他 get_list_or_404()函数

reverse() 反向解析URL

reverse(viewname, urlconf=None, agrs=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None)

reverse_lazy(viewname, urlconf=None, agrs=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None) 惰性解析，Django启动加载顺序如类中用reverse_lazy()，类视图

装饰器

require_http_methods(request_method_list)
require_GET()
require_POST()
require_safe() 安全性请求 GET、HEAD
gzip_page() 内容压缩，一般会在代理服务器里处理，Nginx
cache_control(**kwargs)，告诉浏览器的缓存，和memecache不同，可用在password
never_cache()
login_required() 验证页面必须登录，常用
transaction.atmoic 事务功能

from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods

from django.db.transaction import atomic

@require_http_methods(["GET", "POST"])

@atomic

def my_view(request):

    pass

HttpRequest and HttpResponse

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/request-response/

用户请求属性

HttpReqeust.scheme
HttpReqeust.body
HttpReqeust.path
HttpReqeust.method
HttpReqeust.GET
HttpReqeust.POST
HttpReqeust.COOKIES
HttpReqeust.FILES
HttpReqeust.META

应用程序设置的属性

HttpReqeust.current_app
HttpReqeust.urlconf

中间件设置的属性

HttpReqeust.session
HttpReqeust.site
HttpReqeust.user
HttpReqeust.user.is_authenticated
......

发送邮件(Django自带)

django.core.mail.send_mail(subject, message, from_email, recipient_list,

fail_sliently=False, auth_user=None, auth_password=None, connection=None, html_message=None)

# settings.py

EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.126.com'

EMAIL_PORT = 25

EMAIL_HOST_USER = '******'

EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '******'

# EMAIL_USE_SSL = True # if port is 587, set True

# EMAIL_USE_TLS = True # if port is 465, set True

# views.py

from django.core.mail import send_mail

def send_email(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

        subject = request.POST.get('subject', '')

        message = request.POST.get('message', '')

        from_email = request.POST.get('from_email', '')

        if subject and message and from_email:

            try:

                send_mail(subject, message, from_email, ['nin@jianxin.com.cn'])

            except Exception as e:

                return HttpResponse(str(e))

            return HttpResponse('发送成功！')

        else:

            return HttpResponse("确保字段填写正确！")

    elif request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, 'send_email.html')

导出CSV

import csv

def download_csv(request):

    response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')

    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename="download.csv"'

    writer = csv.writer(response)

    writer.writerow(['First    Row', 'Foo', 'Bar', 'Baz'])

    writer.writerow(['SecondRow', 'A', 'B', 'C', '"Testing"', "Here's a quote"])

    return response

def download(request):

    f = open('601318.csv', 'rb')

    response = HttpResponse(f, content_type='application/csv')

    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename="601318.csv"'

    f.close()

    return response

上传文件

# views.py

def upload(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

        upload_file = request.FILES.get('file', None)

        if upload_file is None:

            return HttpResponse('No file get')

        else:

            with open(upload_file.name, 'wb') as f:

                for chunk in upload_file.chunks():

                    f.write(chunk)

                # f.write(upload_file.read())

            return HttpResponse('OK')

    elif request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, 'upload.html')

# upload.html

<h1>Upload</h1>

<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <label for="file">Upload: </label><input type="file" id="file" name="file"/><br/>

    <input type="submit" value="upload"/>

</form>

说明：

request.FILES
enctype 默认是 "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"

巴特西

Django View 进阶

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