用例设计原则

文件名以test_*.py文件和*_test.py
以test_开头的函数
以Test开头的类
以test_开头的方法
所有的包pakege必须要有__init__.py文件

help帮助

1.查看pytest命令行参数，可以用pytest -h 或pytest --help查看

C:\Users\admin>pytest -h

usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]

positional arguments:

  file_or_dir

general:

  -k EXPRESSION         only run tests which match the given substring

                        expression. An expression is a python evaluatable

                        expression where all names are substring-matched

                        against test names and their parent classes. Example:

                        -k 'test_method or test_other' matches all test

                        functions and classes whose name contains

                        'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not

                        test_method' matches those that don't contain

                        'test_method' in their names. Additionally keywords

                        are matched to classes and functions containing extra

                        names in their 'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as

                        functions which have names assigned directly to them.

  -m MARKEXPR           only run tests matching given mark expression.

                        example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'.

  --markers             show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones).

  -x, --exitfirst       exit instantly on first error or failed test

reporting:

  -v, --verbose         increase verbosity.

  -q, --quiet           decrease verbosity.

  --verbosity=VERBOSE   set verbosity

只贴了一部分

按以下目录写用例

D:YOYO\

    __init__.py

    test_class.py

        #  content of  test_class.py

        class TestClass:

            def test_one(self):

                x = "this"

                assert 'h' in x

            def test_two(self):

                x = "hello"

                assert hasattr(x, 'check')

            def test_three(self):

                a = "hello"

                b = "hello world"

                assert a in b

    test_sample.py

        #  content of  test_sample.py

        def func(x):

            return x +1

        def test_answer():

            assert func(3)==5

python -m

cmd执行pytest用例有三种方法,以下三种方法都可以，一般推荐第一个

pytest
py.test
python -m pytest

如果不带参数，在某个文件夹下执行时，它会查找该文件夹下所有的符合条件的用例（查看用例设计原则）

执行用例规则

1.执行某个目录下所有的用例

pytest 文件名/

2.执行某一个py文件下用例

pytest 脚本名称.py

3.-k 按关键字匹配

pytest -k "MyClass and not method"

这将运行包含与给定字符串表达式匹配的名称的测试，其中包括Python
使用文件名，类名和函数名作为变量的运算符。上面的例子将运行
TestMyClass.test_something但不运行TestMyClass.test_method_simple

4.按节点运行

每个收集的测试都分配了一个唯一的nodeid，它由模块文件名和后跟说明符组成
来自参数化的类名，函数名和参数，由:: characters分隔。

运行.py模块里面的某个函数

pytest test_mod.py::test_func

运行.py模块里面,测试类里面的某个方法

pytest test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method

5.标记表达式

pytest -m slow

将运行用@ pytest.mark.slow装饰器修饰的所有测试。

6.从包里面运行

pytest --pyargs pkg.testing

这将导入pkg.testing并使用其文件系统位置来查找和运行测试。

-x 遇到错误时停止测试

pytest -x test_class.py

从运行结果可以看出，本来有3个用例，第二个用例失败后就没继续往下执行了

D:\YOYO>pytest -x test_class.py

============================= test session starts =============================

platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0

rootdir: D:\YOYO, inifile:

collected 3 items

test_class.py .F

================================== FAILURES ===================================

_____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________

self = <YOYO.test_class.TestClass object at 0x0000000003A29780>

    def test_two(self):

        x = "hello"

>       assert hasattr(x, 'check')

E       AssertionError: assert False

E        +  where False = hasattr('hello', 'check')

test_class.py:11: AssertionError

===================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.05 seconds ======================

--maxfail=num

pytest --maxfail=1

当用例错误个数达到指定数量时，停止测试

D:\YOYO>pytest --maxfail=1

============================= test session starts =============================

platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0

rootdir: D:\YOYO, inifile:

collected 4 items

test_class.py .F

================================== FAILURES ===================================

_____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________

self = <YOYO.test_class.TestClass object at 0x0000000003A3D080>

    def test_two(self):

        x = "hello"

>       assert hasattr(x, 'check')

E       AssertionError: assert False

E        +  where False = hasattr('hello', 'check')

test_class.py:11: AssertionError

===================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.06 seconds ======================

巴特西

pytest_02-用例运行规则