11.Scrapy登录
2024-08-23 02:10:12
Request
Request 部分源码:
# 部分代码
class Request(object_ref): def __init__(self, url, callback=None, method='GET', headers=None, body=None,
cookies=None, meta=None, encoding='utf-8', priority=,
dont_filter=False, errback=None): self._encoding = encoding # this one has to be set first
self.method = str(method).upper()
self._set_url(url)
self._set_body(body)
assert isinstance(priority, int), "Request priority not an integer: %r" % priority
self.priority = priority assert callback or not errback, "Cannot use errback without a callback"
self.callback = callback
self.errback = errback self.cookies = cookies or {}
self.headers = Headers(headers or {}, encoding=encoding)
self.dont_filter = dont_filter self._meta = dict(meta) if meta else None @property
def meta(self):
if self._meta is None:
self._meta = {}
return self._meta
其中,比较常用的参数:
url: 就是需要请求,并进行下一步处理的url callback: 指定该请求返回的Response,由那个函数来处理。 method: 请求一般不需要指定,默认GET方法,可设置为"GET", "POST", "PUT"等,且保证字符串大写 headers: 请求时,包含的头文件。一般不需要。内容一般如下:
# 自己写过爬虫的肯定知道
Host: media.readthedocs.org
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:33.0) Gecko/ Firefox/33.0
Accept: text/css,*/*;q=0.1
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://scrapy-chs.readthedocs.org/zh_CN/0.24/
Cookie: _ga=GA1.2.1612165614.1415584110;
Connection: keep-alive
If-Modified-Since: Mon, 25 Aug 2014 21:59:35 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=0 meta: 比较常用,在不同的请求之间传递数据使用的。字典dict型 request_with_cookies = Request(
url="http://www.example.com",
cookies={'currency': 'USD', 'country': 'UY'},
meta={'dont_merge_cookies': True}
) encoding: 使用默认的 'utf-8' 就行。 dont_filter: 表明该请求不由调度器过滤。这是当你想使用多次执行相同的请求,忽略重复的过滤器。默认为False。 errback: 指定错误处理函数
Response
# 部分代码
class Response(object_ref):
def __init__(self, url, status=, headers=None, body='', flags=None, request=None):
self.headers = Headers(headers or {})
self.status = int(status)
self._set_body(body)
self._set_url(url)
self.request = request
self.flags = [] if flags is None else list(flags) @property
def meta(self):
try:
return self.request.meta
except AttributeError:
raise AttributeError("Response.meta not available, this response " \
"is not tied to any request")
大部分参数和上面的差不多:
status: 响应码
_set_body(body): 响应体
_set_url(url):响应url
self.request = request
发送POST请求
可以使用
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url, formdata, callback)
方法发送POST请求。如果希望程序执行一开始就发送POST请求,可以重写Spider类的
start_requests(self)
方法,并且不再调用start_urls里的url。
class mySpider(scrapy.Spider):
# start_urls = ["http://www.example.com/"] def start_requests(self):
url = 'http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do' # FormRequest 是Scrapy发送POST请求的方法
yield scrapy.FormRequest(
url = url,
formdata = {"email" : "mr_mao_hacker@163.com", "password" : "axxxxxxxe"},
callback = self.parse_page
)
def parse_page(self, response):
# do something
模拟登陆
使用FormRequest.from_response()方法模拟用户登录
通常网站通过 实现对某些表单字段(如数据或是登录界面中的认证令牌等)的预填充。
使用Scrapy抓取网页时,如果想要预填充或重写像用户名、用户密码这些表单字段, 可以使用 FormRequest.from_response() 方法实现。
renren.py
# -*- coding: utf- -*-
import scrapy #根据cookie进行登录,实在没办法了,可以用这种方法模拟登录,麻烦一点,成功率100%
class RenrenSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "renren"
allowed_domains = ["renren.com"]
start_urls = (
# 'http://www.renren.com/xxxxx',
'http://www.renren.com/11111',
# 'http://www.renren.com/xx',
) # 帐号登录后的cookie值
cookies = {
"anonymid": "ixrna3fysufnwv",
"_r01_": "",
"ap": "",
"JSESSIONID": "abciwg61A_RvtaRS3GjOv",
"depovince": "GW",
"springskin": "set",
"jebe_key": "f6fb270b-d06d-42e6-8b53-e67c3156aa7e%7Cc13c37f53bca9e1e7132d4b58ce00fa3%7C1484060607478%7C1%7C1486198628950",
"jebe_key": "f6fb270b-d06d-42e6-8b53-e67c3156aa7e%7Cc13c37f53bca9e1e7132d4b58ce00fa3%7C1484060607478%7C1%7C1486198619601",
"ver": "7.0",
"XNESSESSIONID": "e703b11f8809",
"jebecookies": "98c7c881-779f-4da8-a57c-7464175cd469|||||",
"ick_login": "4b4a254a-9f25-4d4a-b686-a41fda73e173",
"_de": "BF09EE3A28DED52E6B65F6A4705D973F1383380866D39FF5",
"p": "ea5541736f993365a23d04c0946c10e29",
"first_login_flag": "",
"ln_uact": "mr_mao_hacker@163.com",
"ln_hurl": "http://hdn.xnimg.cn/photos/hdn521/20140529/1055/h_main_9A3Z_e0c300019f6a195a.jpg",
"t": "691808127750a83d33704a565d8340ae9",
"societyguester": "691808127750a83d33704a565d8340ae9",
"id": "",
"xnsid": "f42b25cf",
"loginfrom": "syshome"
} #开始发送网站请求时调用该方法
def start_requests(self):
for url in self.start_urls:
# yield scrapy.Request(url, callback = self.parse)
# url = "http://www.renren.com/410043129/profile",登录进去后的页面
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url, cookies=self.cookies, callback=self.parse_page) def parse_page(self, response):
print("===========" + response.url)
with open("deng.html", "wb") as filename:
filename.write(response.body)
renren1.py
# -*- coding: utf- -*-
import scrapy class Reren1Spider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "reren1"
allowed_domains = ["renren.com"] def start_requests(self):
url = 'http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do'
yield scrapy.FormRequest(
url=url,
formdata={"email": "mr_mao_hacker@163.com", "password": "alarmchime"},
callback=self.parse_page) def parse_page(self, response):
#登录后将登录页面写入到文件中
print(response.body)
with open("mao2.html", "wb") as filename:
filename.write(response.body)
renren2.py
# -*- coding: utf- -*-
import scrapy # 正统模拟登录方法:
# 首先发送登录页面的get请求,获取到页面里的登录必须的参数,比如说zhihu的 _xsrf
# 然后和账户密码一起post到服务器,登录成功 class Renren2Spider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'renren2'
allowed_domains = ['renren.com']
start_urls = ["http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do",] def parse(self, response):
#验证登录是否成功
yield scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(
response,
formdata={"email" : "mr_mao_hacker@163.com", "password" : "alarmchime"},#, "_xsrf" = _xsrf},
callback=self.parse_page
) def parse_page(self,response):
#登录成功后,点击进入好友的页面
url="http://www.renren.com/422167102/profile"
yield scrapy.Request(url,callback=self.parse_newpage) def parse_newpage(self,response):
with open("xiao.html", "wb") as filename:
filename.write(response.body)
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