Django+Uwsgi+Nginx项目部署文档

一、基本环境搭建

1）查看服务器

[root@Myjumpserver ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

[root@Myjumpserver ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS release 6.6 (Final)

[root@Myjumpserver ~]# uname -r

2.6.-.el6.x86_64

2）安装基本的依赖包

yum -y install gcc

yum -y install gcc-c++

yum -y install glibc.i686

yum -y install dos2unix

yum -y install vsftpd

yum install -y redhat-lsb

yum -y install zlib*

yum install nss -y

二、搭建mysql，nginx，python环境

1.1）安装mysql5.6版本

rpm -ivh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm

yum install -y mysql-server mysql-devel

1.2）设置mysql

修改my.cnf文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

innodb_file_per_table  #独立表空间模式

service mysqld start           #启动

mysql_secure_installation    #MySQL安全配置向导

Enter current password for root (enter for none):  <–初次运行直接回车

Set root password? [Y/n]   <– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]   <– 是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除，所以直接回车

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]  <–是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择Y/n并回车,建议禁止

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]   <– 是否删除test数据库,直接回车

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]   <– 是否重新加载权限表，直接回车

mysql -uroot -p        # 进入mysql

CREATE DATABASE myjumpserver CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON myjumpserver.* TO user@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

创建库  myjumpserver

授权用户 user

用户密码

连接地址 任意网段

1.3）测试连接

2.1）安装nginx

yum install -y  gcc-c++ autoconf automake zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel  安装依赖包

cd /opt/

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.9.

useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M

./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx   # 编译参数

make && make install

[root@Myjumpserver nginx]# ll /usr/local/nginx/

total

drwx------  nginx root  Nov  : client_body_temp

drwxr-xr-x  root  root  Nov  : conf

drwx------  nginx root  Nov  : fastcgi_temp

drwxr-xr-x  root  root  Nov  : html

drwxr-xr-x  root  root  Nov  : logs

drwx------  nginx root  Nov  : proxy_temp

drwxr-xr-x  root  root  Nov  : sbin

drwx------  nginx root  Nov  : scgi_temp

drwx------  nginx root  Nov  : uwsgi_temp

[root@Myjumpserver nginx-1.9.]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

2.2）常用的编译参数

./configure \

--prefix=/home/nginx \

--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \

--user=nginx \

--group=nginx \

--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \

--error-log-path=/home/log/nginx/error.log \

--http-log-path=/home/log/nginx/access.log \

--with-http_ssl_module \

--with-http_gzip_static_module \

--with-http_stub_status_module \

--with-http_realip_module \

--pid-path=/home/run/nginx.pid \

--with-pcre=/home/software/pcre-8.35 \

--with-zlib=/home/software/zlib-1.2. \

--with-openssl=/home/software/openssl-1.0.1i

编译参数说明

-prefix=/home/nginx \ Nginx安装的根路径,所有其它路径都要依赖该选项

--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ nginx的可执行文件的路径（nginx）

--user=nginx \ worker进程运行的用户

--group=nginx \ worker进程运行的组

--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \  指向配置文件（nginx.conf）

--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ 指向错误日志目录

--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \  设置主请求的HTTP服务器的日志文件的名称

--with-http_ssl_module \  使用https协议模块。默认情况下，该模块没有被构建。前提是openssl与openssl-devel已安装

--with-http_gzip_static_module \  启用ngx_http_gzip_static_module支持（在线实时压缩输出数据流）

--with-http_stub_status_module \  启用ngx_http_stub_status_module支持（获取nginx自上次启动以来的工作状态）

--with-http_realip_module \  启用ngx_http_realip_module支持（这个模块允许从请求标头更改客户端的IP地址值，默认为关）

--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \  指向pid文件（nginx.pid）

设置PCRE库的源码路径，如果已通过yum方式安装，使用–with-pcre自动找到库文件。使用–with-pcre=PATH时，需要从PCRE网站下载pcre库的源码（版本4. – 8.30）并解压，

剩下的就交给Nginx的./configure和make来完成。perl正则表达式使用在location指令和 ngx_http_rewrite_module模块中。

--with-pcre=/home/software/pcre-8.35 \ 

指定 zlib（版本1.1.3 – 1.2.）的源码解压目录。在默认就启用的网络传输压缩模块ngx_http_gzip_module时需要使用zlib 。

--with-zlib=/home/software/zlib-1.2. \

指向openssl安装目录

--with-openssl=/home/software/openssl-1.0.1i

2.3）nginx文件夹说明

conf: 配置文件夹，最重要文件是nginx.conf

html: 静态网页文件夹

logs: 日志文件夹

sbin: nginx 的可执行文件，启动、停止等操作

2.4）nginx启动命令

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx                启动

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop        停止

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload      平滑重启

2.5）修改nginx配置文件

user nginx;

worker_processes  ;

worker_cpu_affinity    ;

worker_rlimit_nofile ;

pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {

    worker_connections  ;

    use epoll;

    multi_accept off;

}

http {

    include       /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr --- $remote_user --- [$time_local] --- $request --- '

                      '"$status" --- $body_bytes_sent --- "$http_referer" --- '

                      '"$http_user_agent" --- "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    log_format  mtr  '$remote_addr [$time_local] "$request_uri" '

                      '$status "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$host"';

    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  ;

    client_header_timeout    ;

    client_body_timeout    ;

    server_tokens off;

    tcp_nodelay        on;

    gzip  on;

    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/*.conf;

    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

    #fastcgi_buffer_size 16k;

    #fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;

    #fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 16k;

    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

    client_header_buffer_size 2k;

    large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;

    client_max_body_size 100k;

    open_file_cache max=51200 inactive=20s;

    open_file_cache_valid   30s;

    open_file_cache_min_uses 1;

}

nginx.conf

在子文件夹（vhost），创建jumpserver.conf

[root@Myjumpserver vhost]# cat jumpserver.conf

server {

    listen       ;

    server_name  localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        access_log  /data/log/nginx/myjumpserver_access.log  main;

        error_log  /data/log/nginx/myjumpserver_error.log;

    location / {

            uwsgi_pass   192.168.10.13:;

            include uwsgi_params;

    }

        location /static {

            alias /opt/wwwroot/MyJumpserver/static/;

        }

    #error_page                /.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

    #

    error_page        /50x.html;

    location = /50x.html {

        root   html;

    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:

    #

    #location ~ \.php$ {

    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;

    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:

    #

    #location ~ \.php$ {

    #    root           html;

    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:;

    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;

    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

    #    include        fastcgi_params;

    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

    # concurs with nginx's one

    #

    #location ~ /\.ht {

    #    deny  all;

    #}

}

jumpserver.conf

语法测试

[root@Myjumpserver vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: [emerg] open() "/data/log/nginx/myjumpserver_access.log" failed (: No such file or directory)

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

[root@Myjumpserver vhost]# mkdir -p /data/log/nginx/

[root@Myjumpserver vhost]# touch myjumpserver_access.log

[root@Myjumpserver vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

关于jumpserver.conf配置文件说明

[root@Myjumpserver vhost]# cat jumpserver.conf

server {

    listen       ;

    server_name  localhost;

        access_log  /data/log/nginx/myjumpserver_access.log  main;

        error_log  /data/log/nginx/myjumpserver_error.log;

    location / {

            uwsgi_pass   192.168.10.13:;

            include uwsgi_params;

    }

        # django项目文件， MyJumpserver，静态资源这里加载

        location /static {

            alias /opt/wwwroot/MyJumpserver/static/;

        }

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

    error_page        /50x.html;

    location = /50x.html {

        root   html;

    }

}

# 访问localhost: ===>192.168.10.13:（uwsgi服务提供的）

3.1）python3环境的安装

python3 安装文档：https://www.cnblogs.com/linu/articles/9879572.html

[root@Myjumpserver Python-3.6.]# python3 -V

Python 3.6.

[root@Myjumpserver Python-3.6.]# pip3 -V

pip 9.0. from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3./site-packages (python 3.6)

3.2）python3模块安装

pip3 install django==1.11. -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

pip3 install pymysql -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

pip3 install uwsgi -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi            # 特别重要

三、拷贝代码到nginx代码目录测试

1）python测试

[root@Myjumpserver wwwroot]# ls /opt/wwwroot/

MyJumpserver

[root@Myjumpserver wwwroot]# cd MyJumpserver/

[root@Myjumpserver MyJumpserver]# python3 manage.py runserver 192.168.10.13:

Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues ( silenced).

November ,  - ::

Django version 1.11., using settings 'MyJumpserver.settings'

Starting development server at http://192.168.10.13:888/

Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

2）使用uwsgi测试，http方式启动

[root@Myjumpserver MyJumpserver]# ls

backup  manage.py  MyJumpserver  static  static_time.py  templates  test.py  uwsgi.ini  uwsgi.log  uwsgi.pid  web01

[root@Myjumpserver MyJumpserver]# vim uwsgi.ini

[root@Myjumpserver MyJumpserver]# pwd

/opt/wwwroot/MyJumpserver

[root@Myjumpserver MyJumpserver]# ls

backup  manage.py  MyJumpserver  static  static_time.py  templates  test.py  uwsgi.ini  uwsgi.log  uwsgi.pid  web01

[root@Myjumpserver MyJumpserver]# cat uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]

# 使用nginx 连接时使用

# socket=192.168.10.13:

# 直接做web服务器使用

http=192.168.10.13:

# 项目目录

chdir=/opt/wwwroot/MyJumpserver

# 项目中wsgi.py 文件的目录，相对于项目目录

wsgi-file=MyJumpserver/wsgi.py

processes=

threads=

master=True

pidfile=uwsgi.pid

daemonize=uwsgi.log

启动命令

uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

ps ajx|grep uwsgi

停止

、uwsgi --stop uwsgi.pid（不好用，经常报pid找不到）

、sudo pkill -f uwsgi -（不好用，有可能报错，无效的-）

、killall - uwsgi（该命令最好用）    yum install psmisc -y  安装killall命令

启动程序

[root@Myjumpserver MyJumpserver]# uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

[uWSGI] getting INI configuration from uwsgi.ini

[root@Myjumpserver MyJumpserver]# ps -ef|grep uwsgi

root             : ?        :: uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

root         : ?        :: uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

root         : ?        :: uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

root         : ?        :: uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

root         : ?        :: uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

root          : pts/    :: grep uwsgi

没有加载静态文件，说明成功。因为uwsgi不能使用Django的路径加载

3）使用socket方式启动，并配合nginx检查

访问网页

四、重点总结

1）uwsgi.ini文件

[root@Myjumpserver MyJumpserver]# cat uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]

# 使用nginx 连接时使用

socket=192.168.10.13:

# 直接做web服务器使用

#http=192.168.10.13:

# 项目目录

chdir=/opt/wwwroot/MyJumpserver

# 项目中wsgi.py 文件的目录，相对于项目目录

wsgi-file=MyJumpserver/wsgi.py

processes=

threads=

master=True

pidfile=uwsgi.pid

daemonize=uwsgi.log

2）nginx的配置文件，

[root@Myjumpserver vhost]# cat jumpserver.conf

server {

    listen       ;

    server_name  localhost;

        access_log  /data/log/nginx/myjumpserver_access.log  main;

        error_log  /data/log/nginx/myjumpserver_error.log;

    location / {

            uwsgi_pass   192.168.10.13:;

            include uwsgi_params;

    }

        # django项目文件， MyJumpserver，静态资源这里加载

        location /static {

            alias /opt/wwwroot/MyJumpserver/static/;

        }

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

    error_page        /50x.html;

    location = /50x.html {

        root   html;

    }

}

# 访问localhost: ===>192.168.10.13:（uwsgi服务提供的）

3) django的后台静态资源加载

server {

    listen       ;

    server_name  localhost;

        access_log  /data/log/nginx/pvzstar_access.log  main;

        error_log  /data/log/nginx/pvzstar_error.log;

    location / {

            uwsgi_pass   192.168.2.155:;

            include uwsgi_params;

    }

        # django项目文件， MyJumpserver，静态资源这里加载

        location /static {

            alias /usr/local/python3/lib/python3./site-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/;

        }

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

    error_page        /50x.html;

    location = /50x.html {

        root   html;

    }

}

实质

返回nginx的80端口实质指向了uwsgi的socket连接对象

即 http:192.168.10.13 ==>socket 192.168.10.13:8888

巴特西

Django+Uwsgi+Nginx项目部署文档

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