flask_关注者

表的模型实现

class Follow(db.Model):

    __tablename__ = 'follows'

    follower_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('users.id'),

                            primary_key=True)

    followed_id= db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('users.id'),

                           primary_key=True)

    timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime,default=datetime.utcnow)

class User(UserMixin,db.Model):

    #...

    followed = db.relationship('Follow',

                               foreign_keys=[Follow.follower_id],

                               backref=db.backref('follower', lazy='joined'),

                               lazy='dynamic',

                               cascade='all, delete-orphan')

    followers = db.relationship('Follow',

                                foreign_keys=[Follow.followed_id],

                                backref=db.backref('followed', lazy='joined'),

                                lazy='dynamic',

                                cascade='all, delete-orphan')

关注关系的辅助方法

class User(UserMixin,db.Model):

    #...

    #关注

     def follow(self,user):

        if not self.is_following(user):

            f = Follow(follower=self,followed=user)

            db.session.add(f)

　　#取关

    def unfollow(self,user):

        f = self.followed.filter_by(followed_id=user.id).first()

        if f:

            db.session.delete(f)

　　#正在关注

    def is_following(self,user):

        return self.followed.filter_by(

            followed_id=user.id).first() is not None
　　

    def is_followed_by(self,user):

        return self.followers.filter_by(

            follower_id=user.id).first() is not None

　在资料页中显示关注者

app/templates/user.html

    {% if current_user.can(Permission.FOLLOW) and user != current_user %}

        {% if not current_user.is_following(user) %}

        <a href="{{ url_for('.follow',username=user.username) }}"

           class="btn btn-default">关注</a>

        {% else %}

        <a href="{{ url_for('.unfollow',username=user.username) }}"

           class="btn btn-default">取消关注</a>

        {% endif %}

    {% endif %}

    <a href="{{ url_for('.followers',username=user.username)}}">

        Followers:<span class="badge">{{ user.followers.count() }}</span>

    </a>

    <a href="{{ url_for('.followed_by',username=user.username) }}">

        Following:<span class="badge">{{ user.followed.count() }}</span>

    </a>

    {% if current_user.is_authenticated and user != current_user and

            user.is_following(current_user)%}

    |<span class="label label-default">Follows you</span>

        {% endif %}

app/main/views.py: ‘关注’路由和视图函数

@main.route('/follow/<username>')

@login_required

@permission_required(Permission.FOLLOW)

def follow(username):

    user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()

    if user is None:

        flash(u'用户不存在')

        return redirect(url_for('.index'))

    if current_user.is_following(user):

        flash(u'已关注')

        return redirect(url_for('.user',username=username))

    current_user.follow(user)

    flash('You are now following %s.'%username)

    return redirect(url_for('.user',username=username))

@main.route('/unfollow/<username>')

@login_required

@permission_required(Permission.FOLLOW)

def unfollow(username):

    user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()

    if user is None:

        flash('Invalid user.')

        return redirect(url_for('.index'))

    if not current_user.is_following(user):

        flash('You are not following this user.')

        return redirect(url_for('.user', username=username))

    current_user.unfollow(user)

    flash('You are not following %s anymore.' % username)

    return redirect(url_for('.user', username=username))

@main.route('/followers/<username>')

def followers(username):

    user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()

    if user is None:

        flash('Invalid user.')

        return redirect(url_for('.index'))

    page = request.args.get('page', 1, type=int)

    pagination = user.followers.paginate(

        page, per_page=current_app.config['FLASKY_FOLLOWERS_PER_PAGE'],

        error_out=False)

    follows = [{'user': item.follower, 'timestamp': item.timestamp}

               for item in pagination.items]

    return render_template('followers.html', user=user, title="Followers of",

                           endpoint='.followers', pagination=pagination,

                           follows=follows)

@main.route('/followers/<username>')

def followers(username):

    user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()

    if user is None:

        flash('Invalid user.')

        return redirect(url_for('.index'))

    page = request.args.get('page', 1, type=int)

    pagination = user.followers.paginate(

        page, per_page=current_app.config['FLASKY_FOLLOWERS_PER_PAGE'],

        error_out=False)

    follows = [{'user': item.follower, 'timestamp': item.timestamp}

               for item in pagination.items]

    return render_template('followers.html', user=user, title="Followers of",

                           endpoint='.followers', pagination=pagination,

                           follows=follows)

使用数据库联结查询所关注用户的文章

　要想只查看关注用户的文章需要把posts表和follows表联结起来查询

class User(UserMixin,db.Model):

    #..

    @property

    def followed_posts(self):

        return Post.query.join(Follow,Follow.followed_id == Post.author_id)\

            .filter(Follow.follower_id == self.id)

Post表联结Follow表 Follow表被关注 = 文章作者的id 查找 Follow表中关注者的id

在首页显示所关注用户的文章

app/main/views.py：显示所有博客文章或只显示所关注用户的文章

@main.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])

def index():

    #...

    show_followed=False

    if current_user.is_authenticated:

        show_followed = bool(request.cookies.get('show_followed',''))

    if show_followed:

        query = current_user.followed_posts

    else:

        query = Post.query

    pagination = query.order_by(Post.timestamp.desc()).paginate(

        page, per_page=current_app.config['FLASKY_POSTS_PER_PAGE'],

        error_out=False)

    posts = pagination.items

    return render_template('index.html', form=form, posts=posts,show_followed=show_followed,

                           pagination=pagination)

决定显示所有文章还是只显示所关注用户文章的选项存储在cookie的show_followed字段中，如果其值为非空字符串，则表示只显示所关注用户的文章。

query的值决定最终获取所有博客的查询，或是获取过滤后的博客文章查询

app/main/views.py：查询所有文章还是所关注用户的文章

@main.route('/all')

@login_required

def show_all():

    resp = make_response(redirect(url_for('.index')))

    resp.set_cookie('show_followed','',max_age=30*24*60*60)

    return resp

resp返回一个响应，然后为它的cookie设置为 show_followed为空，过期时间为一个月

@main.route('/followed')

@login_required

def show_followed():

    resp = make_response(redirect(url_for('.index')))

    resp.set_cookie('show_followed','1',max_age=30*24*60*60)

    return resp

resp返回一个响应，然后为它的cookie设置为 show_followed不为空，过期时间为一个月，表示只显示只看所关注用户的文章

接下来改动模板

    <div class="post-tabs">

        <ul class="nav nav-tabs">

            <li {% if not show_followed %}class="active"{% endif %} ><a href="{{ url_for('.show_all') }}" >全部</a></li>

            {% if current_user.is_authenticated %}

            <li {% if show_followed %}class="active"{% endif %}><a href="{{ url_for('.show_followed') }}">关注</a> </li>

            {% endif %}

        </ul>

app/model.py:构建用户时把用户设为自己的关注者

def __init__(self,**kwargs):

    self.follow(self)

app/models.py：把用户设为自己的关注者

    @staticmethod

    def add_self_follows():

        for user in User.query.all():

            if not user.is_following(user):

                user.follow(user)

                db.session.add(user)

                db.session.commit()

(venv) >python manage.py shell

>>> User.add_self_follows()

把关注者数量减一

    <a href="{{ url_for('.followers',username=user.username)}}">j

        Followers:<span class="badge">{{ user.followers.count() - 1  }}</span>

巴特西

flask_关注者

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