Android应用层View绘制流程之measure,layout,draw三步曲
2024-08-27 20:04:15
概述
上一篇博文对DecorView和ViewRootImpl的关系进行了剖析，这篇文章主要是来剖析View绘制的三个基本流程:measure,layout,draw。仅仅有把这三个基本流程搞清楚了，平时在自己定义View的时候才会有清楚的思路！開始进入正题。
View的measure过程
三个流程均是从ViewRootImpl的performTraversals方法開始的，例如以下所看到的：
private void performTraversals() {
......
int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
......
mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
......
mView.layout(0, 0, mView.getMeasuredWidth(), mView.getMeasuredHeight());
......
mView.draw(canvas);
......
}首先看下getRootMeasureSpec方法,例如以下所看到的：
/**
* Figures out the measure spec for the root view in a window based on it's
* layout params.
*
* @param windowSize
* The available width or height of the window
*
* @param rootDimension
* The layout params for one dimension (width or height) of the
* window.
*
* @return The measure spec to use to measure the root view.
*/
private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
int measureSpec;
switch (rootDimension) {
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
// Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
// Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
break;
default:
// Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
}
return measureSpec;
}从上面的凝视能够看出这个getRootMeasureSpec是为了依据根视图的LayoutParams计算根视图的MeasureSpec。这个根视图就是上篇博客讲的DecorView。
关于MeasureSpec
关于MeasureSpec来做一个简单的说明：通过MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec来得到一个32位的整数。高两位代码測量模式mode,低30位代表測量大小size，例如以下所看到的：
public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
@MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
return size + mode;
} else {
return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
}
}然后再通过getMode和getSize这两个方法来得到相应的測试模式mode和測量尺寸size，例如以下所看到的：
/**
* Extracts the mode from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the mode from
* @return {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED},
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST} or
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
*/
@MeasureSpecMode
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
//noinspection ResourceType
return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}
/**
* Extracts the size from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the size from
* @return the size in pixels defined in the supplied measure specification
*/
public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}View的measure和onMeasure方法
通过getRootMeasureSpec来得到DecorView的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec之后，就须要来设置DecorView的大小了。也就是调用：
mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);发现这个measure是View的方法，例如以下所看到的：
/**
* <p>
* This is called to find out how big a view should be. The parent
* supplies constraint information in the width and height parameters.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* The actual measurement work of a view is performed in
* {@link #onMeasure(int, int)}, called by this method. Therefore, only
* {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} can and must be overridden by subclasses.
* </p>
*
*
* @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the
* parent
* @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the
* parent
*
* @see #onMeasure(int, int)
*/
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
...........
onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
...........
}通过凝视能够看出，这种方法是用来计算当前View应该为多大，也就是实际的宽高。widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec是由父View传入的约束信息。代表了父View给当前View的測量规格。当前View的宽高是由父View和自身一起决定的。measure方法是final的，不可重载。实际的測量过程是在onMeasure方法里面完毕了，因此子类必须且仅仅能重载onMeasure方法来实现自身的測量逻辑。
接下来看onMeasure方法：
/**
* <p>
* Measure the view and its content to determine the measured width and the
* measured height. This method is invoked by {@link #measure(int, int)} and
* should be overridden by subclasses to provide accurate and efficient
* measurement of their contents.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* <strong>CONTRACT:</strong> When overriding this method, you
* <em>must</em> call {@link #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)} to store the
* measured width and height of this view. Failure to do so will trigger an
* <code>IllegalStateException</code>, thrown by
* {@link #measure(int, int)}. Calling the superclass'
* {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} is a valid use.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* The base class implementation of measure defaults to the background size,
* unless a larger size is allowed by the MeasureSpec. Subclasses should
* override {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} to provide better measurements of
* their content.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* If this method is overridden, it is the subclass's responsibility to make
* sure the measured height and width are at least the view's minimum height
* and width ({@link #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()} and
* {@link #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()}).
* </p>
*
* @param widthMeasureSpec horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent.
* The requirements are encoded with
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
* @param heightMeasureSpec vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent.
* The requirements are encoded with
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
*
* @see #getMeasuredWidth()
* @see #getMeasuredHeight()
* @see #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)
* @see #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()
* @see #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()
* @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getMode(int)
* @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getSize(int)
*/
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}凝视已经写的非常明确了，子类必须复写onMeasure方法。且终于通过调用setMeasuredDimension方法来存储当前View測量得到的宽和高。
这个宽和高是通过getDefaultSize方法得来的，例如以下所看到的：
/**
* Utility to return a default size. Uses the supplied size if the
* MeasureSpec imposed no constraints. Will get larger if allowed
* by the MeasureSpec.
*
* @param size Default size for this view
* @param measureSpec Constraints imposed by the parent
* @return The size this view should be.
*/
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}能够看出。假设specMode等于AT_MOST或者EXACTLY就返回specSize，也就是父类指定的specSize，否则返回通过getSuggestedMinimumWidth和getSuggestedMinimumHeight得到的size。从名字能够看出是建议的最小宽度和高度。代码例如以下所看到的：
protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());
}
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
return (mBackground == null) ?
mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}能够看出，建议的最小宽度和高度是由view的background以及其mMinWidth、mMinHeight共同决定的。
setMeasuredDimension方法例如以下所看到的：
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int opticalWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int opticalHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
measuredWidth += optical ?
opticalWidth : -opticalWidth;
measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
}
setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
}
private void setMeasuredDimensionRaw(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
}
能够看出这种方法就是给mMeasuredHeight和mMeasuredWidth进行赋值。
进行了赋值之后调用View 的getMeasuredWidth和getMeasuredHeight方法才干得到其正确的測量宽高。
ViewGroup的measure过程
上面提到View的measure方法传入的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec是由父View传入的约束信息，那么这些信息是何时传入的呢？由于View是嵌套的，因此measure过程也是递归传递的，子View的measure是由父类调用的，然后子View依据传入的父类约束来设置自身的測量规格。
继承自ViewGroup的视图均须要实现onMeasure方法，在这种方法里面对其子View进行測量。同一时候也对自身进行測量，比方LinearLayout的onMeasure方法例如以下：
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
} else {
measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}依据布局的方向分别调用measureHorizontal和measureVertical方法。
在ViewGroup中定义了measureChildren, measureChild, measureChildWithMargins方法来对子视图进行測量。measureChildren内部循环调用了measureChild。
measureChild和measureChildWithMargins的差别在于measureChildWithMargins把child的margin也考虑在内。以下来对measureChildWithMargins方法来分析：
/**
* Ask one of the children of this view to measure itself, taking into
* account both the MeasureSpec requirements for this view and its padding
* and margins. The child must have MarginLayoutParams The heavy lifting is
* done in getChildMeasureSpec.
*
* @param child The child to measure
* @param parentWidthMeasureSpec The width requirements for this view
* @param widthUsed Extra space that has been used up by the parent
* horizontally (possibly by other children of the parent)
* @param parentHeightMeasureSpec The height requirements for this view
* @param heightUsed Extra space that has been used up by the parent
* vertically (possibly by other children of the parent)
*/
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
//子视图的測量规格是由父视图的測量測量规格以及子视图的LayoutParams来共同决定的
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
+ widthUsed, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
+ heightUsed, lp.height);
//调用子视图的measure方法来设置子视图的測量规格
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}从以上代码能够看出：子视图的測量规格是由父视图的測量測量规格以及子视图的LayoutParams来共同决定的。因此关键函数是getChildMeasureSpec函数，例如以下所看到的：
/**
* Does the hard part of measureChildren: figuring out the MeasureSpec to
* pass to a particular child. This method figures out the right MeasureSpec
* for one dimension (height or width) of one child view.
*
* The goal is to combine information from our MeasureSpec with the
* LayoutParams of the child to get the best possible results. For example,
* if the this view knows its size (because its MeasureSpec has a mode of
* EXACTLY), and the child has indicated in its LayoutParams that it wants
* to be the same size as the parent, the parent should ask the child to
* layout given an exact size.
*
* @param spec The requirements for this view
* @param padding The padding of this view for the current dimension and
* margins, if applicable
* @param childDimension How big the child wants to be in the current
* dimension
* @return a MeasureSpec integer for the child
*/
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);//得到父视图的mode
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);//得到父视图的size
//得到Parent视图剩余的大小
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
//依据Parent视图的specMode来进行分支推断
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY://父类是精确模式
if (childDimension >= 0) {
//子视图是精确模式，直接设置了精确的大小（在xml其中设置了layout_width="xxx"或者在代码中设置了详细的数值),子视图的size就是精确值,子视图的mode就是EXACTLY
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
//假设子视图的layout_width或者layout_height为MATCH_PARENT,也就是为父视图的大小，那么子视图的size就是Parent视图剩余的大小，且mode与父类同样，也为EXACTLY
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
//假设子视图的layout_width或者layout_height为WRAP_CONTENT,也就是不超过父视图的大小，那么子视图的size为size，且mode为AT_MOST。
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
//子视图是精确模式。直接设置了精确的大小（在xml其中设置了layout_width="xxx"或者在代码中设置了详细的数值),子视图的size就是精确值,子视图的mode就是EXACTLY
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
//假设子视图的layout_width或者layout_height为MATCH_PARENT,也就是为父视图的大小，那么子视图的size就是Parent视图剩余的大小，且mode与父类同样，也是AT_MOST。
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
//假设子视图的layout_width或者layout_height为WRAP_CONTENT,也就是不超过父视图的大小。那么子视图的size为size，且mode为AT_MOST。
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
// 将resultSize和resultMode进行组装为32为整数返回
//noinspection ResourceType
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}能够看到。getChildMeasureSpec就是依据父视图的specSize和specMode以及child视图的LayoutParams来确定子视图的resultSize和resultMode，然后把resultSize和resultMode进行组装成32位的整数，作为child.measure的參数来对子视图进行測量。
有一个须要特别注意的地方：
- 当childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT的时候，其specSize和specMode分别为父视图的size和MeasureSpec.AT_MOST。
- 再回到上面的View測量过程其中的getDefaultSize方法，例如以下所看到的。我们发现当View的specMode为AT_MOST的时候。其size默认就是parent视图的size!
- 因此，在我们自己定义View的时候。须要考虑当specMode为AT_MOST的时候（也就是在xml布局其中设置为WRAP_CONTENT的时候）给当前View的宽高设置一个详细的值，大家能够去看看比方TextView的源代码。均对WRAP_CONTENT的情况进行了特殊的处理！
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
......
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}以上就是View和ViewGroup的measure过程,在ViewGroup的实现视图其中递归调用子视图的的measure方法来实现整个View树的測量。
在自己定义View的时候，当我们须要对View的尺寸进行更改的时候，须要实现onMeasure方法。在里面依据父视图给的specSize和specMode来设置当前View的specMode和specSize,须要注意的是当父视图给的specMode==AT_MOST的时候，须要给当前View的宽高设置一个详细的值。
View的layout过程
讲完了View的measure过程，接下来就是layout过程。
那么这个layout过程是干什么的呢？在measure过程其中设置了view的宽高。那么设置了宽高之后，详细view是显示在屏幕的哪个位置呢？这个就是layout过程干的事。
layout跟measure一样，也是递归结构，来看下View的layout方法：
/**
* Assign a size and position to a view and all of its
* descendants
*
* <p>This is the second phase of the layout mechanism.
* (The first is measuring). In this phase, each parent calls
* layout on all of its children to position them.
* This is typically done using the child measurements
* that were stored in the measure pass().</p>
*
* <p>Derived classes should not override this method.
* Derived classes with children should override
* onLayout. In that method, they should
* call layout on each of their children.</p>
*
* @param l Left position, relative to parent
* @param t Top position, relative to parent
* @param r Right position, relative to parent
* @param b Bottom position, relative to parent
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
}
int oldL = mLeft;
int oldT = mTop;
int oldB = mBottom;
int oldR = mRight;
//setFrame方法把參数分别赋值给mLeft、mTop、mRight和mBottom这几个变量
//推断布局是否发生改变
boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
........
}
......
}
在layout方法里面首先通过setFrame来设置自身的位置。然后调用了onLayout方法。是不是跟measure方法里面调用onMeasure方法相似！
来看下onLayout方法：
/**
* Called from layout when this view should
* assign a size and position to each of its children.
*
* Derived classes with children should override
* this method and call layout on each of
* their children.
* @param changed This is a new size or position for this view
* @param left Left position, relative to parent
* @param top Top position, relative to parent
* @param right Right position, relative to parent
* @param bottom Bottom position, relative to parent
*/
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
}发现onLayout是一个空方法，通过凝视能够看出：具有子视图的子类须要重写这个onLayout方法而且调用其每一个子视图的layout方法。
这就全然明确了：也就是说直接或者间接继承自ViewGroup的视图须要重写onLayout方法，然后调用其每一个子视图的layout方法来设置子视图的位置。我们能够查看LinearLayout，其肯定是实现了onLayout方法，在这种方法里面来一一设置子视图的位置！LinearLayout的onLayout方法例如以下所看到的：
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
} else {
layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
}
}来看下layoutVertical方法：
/**
* Position the children during a layout pass if the orientation of this
* LinearLayout is set to {@link #VERTICAL}.
*
* @see #getOrientation()
* @see #setOrientation(int)
* @see #onLayout(boolean, int, int, int, int)
* @param left
* @param top
* @param right
* @param bottom
*/
void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
final int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
int childTop;
int childLeft;
// Where right end of child should go
final int width = right - left;
int childRight = width - mPaddingRight;
//child能够使用的空间
// Space available for child
int childSpace = width - paddingLeft - mPaddingRight;
//得到 child的个数
final int count = getVirtualChildCount();
final int majorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
final int minorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.RELATIVE_HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
//依据majorGravity计算childTop的位置
switch (majorGravity) {
case Gravity.BOTTOM:
// mTotalLength contains the padding already
childTop = mPaddingTop + bottom - top - mTotalLength;
break;
// mTotalLength contains the padding already
case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
childTop = mPaddingTop + (bottom - top - mTotalLength) / 2;
break;
case Gravity.TOP:
default:
childTop = mPaddingTop;
break;
}
// 開始进行遍历child视图
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
childTop += measureNullChild(i);
} else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {//child不为GONE,由于GONE是不占空间的
final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();// 得到onMeasure之后的測量宽度
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();// 得到onMeasure之后的測量高度
final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
(LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int gravity = lp.gravity;
if (gravity < 0) {
gravity = minorGravity;
}
final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);
// 依据absoluteGravity计算childLeft的值
switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
childLeft = paddingLeft + ((childSpace - childWidth) / 2)
+ lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.RIGHT:
childLeft = childRight - childWidth - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.LEFT:
default:
childLeft = paddingLeft + lp.leftMargin;
break;
}
if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
childTop += mDividerHeight;
}
childTop += lp.topMargin;
//通过setChildFrame函数来设置child的位置， setChildFrame函数例如以下所看到的
setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
childWidth, childHeight);
childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
}
}
}
private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
}上面这种方法还是比較易懂的。主要就是调用child的layout方法来设置child的位置。当我们给一个View设置好位置之后。其内部的四个变量
mLeft、mTop、mRight和mBottom也就确定了，只是要注意这些值都是相对父视图而言的。而不是相对整个屏幕而言的。
这个四个变量是通过以下方式获取的。
public final int getWidth() {
return mRight - mLeft;
}
public final int getHeight() {
return mBottom - mTop;
}
public final int getLeft() {
return mLeft;
}
public final int getRight() {
return mRight;
}
public final int getTop() {
return mTop;
}
public final int getBottom() {
return mBottom;
}在View其中还有以下两个函数。这也解释了为什么有时候getWidth()和getMeasuredWidth()以及getHeight()和getMeasuredHeight()会得到不同的值的原因。
public final int getMeasuredWidth() {
return mMeasuredWidth & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
}
public final int getMeasuredHeight() {
return mMeasuredHeight & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
}以上就是View的layout过程。layout相对measure过程来说还是算比較简单的。
* 总结起来就是：直接或者间接继承自ViewGroup的视图须要重写onLayout方法。然后调用其每一个子视图的layout方法来设置子视图的位置。*
View的draw过程
讲完了View的layout流程，接下来就是draw流程。draw负责对view进行绘制。
在ViewRootImpl的drawSoftware方法其中：
/**
* @return true if drawing was successful, false if an error occurred
*/
private boolean drawSoftware(Surface surface, AttachInfo attachInfo, int xoff, int yoff,
boolean scalingRequired, Rect dirty) {
// Draw with software renderer.
final Canvas canvas;
try {
final int left = dirty.left;
final int top = dirty.top;
final int right = dirty.right;
final int bottom = dirty.bottom;
canvas = mSurface.lockCanvas(dirty);
................
mView.draw(canvas);
.........
return true;
}
在上述方法其中调用了mView的draw方法，来看View的draw方法：
/**
* Manually render this view (and all of its children) to the given Canvas.
* The view must have already done a full layout before this function is
* called. When implementing a view, implement
* {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)} instead of overriding this method.
* If you do need to override this method, call the superclass version.
*
* @param canvas The Canvas to which the View is rendered.
*/
@CallSuper
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
...............
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view's content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
drawBackground(canvas);
}
........
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
.......
// Step 2, save the canvas' layers
if (drawTop) {
canvas.saveLayer(left, top, right, top + length, null, flags);
}
........
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;
final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;
final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;
if (drawTop) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
}
...............
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
}
通过凝视能够看出整个绘制过程分为6部分。在大多数情况下第2步和第5步能够跳过，在自己定义View的时候须要实现onDraw方法而不是实现draw方法。
接下来对剩下的四步进行分析：
第一步：绘制背景 通过调用drawBackground方法实现
private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {
final Drawable background = mBackground;
if (background == null) {
return;
}
setBackgroundBounds();
...............
final int scrollX = mScrollX;
final int scrollY = mScrollY;
if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
background.draw(canvas);
} else {
canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
background.draw(canvas);
canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
}
}如上所看到的，调用了background的draw方法，也就是Drawable的draw方法。
第三步：绘制内容 通过调用onDraw方法实现
/**
* Implement this to do your drawing.
*
* @param canvas the canvas on which the background will be drawn
*/
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
}我们发现onDraw是一个空的方法，须要子类去实现，一般我们在自己定义View的时候都会重写onDraw方法来进行绘制。
第四步：绘制子类 通过调用dispatchDraw实现
/**
* Called by draw to draw the child views. This may be overridden
* by derived classes to gain control just before its children are drawn
* (but after its own view has been drawn).
* @param canvas the canvas on which to draw the view
*/
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
}发现dispatchDraw为空，依据凝视：假设View包括子类就须要重写这种方法，那么说明下ViewGroup应该重写了这种方法。看下ViewGroup的dispatchDraw方法。例如以下所看到的：
@Override
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
.............
for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
while (transientIndex >= 0 && mTransientIndices.get(transientIndex) == i) {
final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
}
transientIndex++;
if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
transientIndex = -1;
}
}
final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(childrenCount, i, customOrder);
final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(preorderedList, children, childIndex);
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
}
}
.............
}
从上述方法看出主要是遍历child,然后调用child的drawChild方法。来看下drawChild方法：
protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
}能够看出。在drawChild方法其中调用了child.draw方法来实现子视图的绘制。
第六步：绘制装饰，比方前景色，滚动栏等 通过onDrawForeground方法实现
/**
* Draw any foreground content for this view.
*
* <p>Foreground content may consist of scroll bars, a {@link #setForeground foreground}
* drawable or other view-specific decorations. The foreground is drawn on top of the
* primary view content.</p>
*
* @param canvas canvas to draw into
*/
public void onDrawForeground(Canvas canvas) {
onDrawScrollIndicators(canvas);
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
........
final Drawable foreground = mForegroundInfo != null ? mForegroundInfo.mDrawable : null;
........
foreground.draw(canvas);
}能够看出主要是对滚动栏和前景色进行绘制。
到此。View绘制的三个基本流程：measure,layout,draw就讲完了。measure过程应该是三个流程里面最为复杂的。
希望通过本次对源代码的剖析，能够对View的绘制流程有一个清楚的认识，在以后自己定义View的时候能够少走弯路～～
View树的重绘
还记得在上一篇博客中我们讲ViewGroup#addView方法会导致View树的又一次绘制，代码例如以下所看到的：
public void addView(View child, int index, LayoutParams params) {
if (DBG) {
System.out.println(this + " addView");
}
if (child == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot add a null child view to a ViewGroup");
}
// addViewInner() will call child.requestLayout() when setting the new LayoutParams
// therefore, we call requestLayout() on ourselves before, so that the child's request
// will be blocked at our level
requestLayout();
invalidate(true);
addViewInner(child, index, params, false);
}事实上归根结底是调用了requestLayout和invalidate方法的原因。导致View进行又一次绘制，以下来对这两个方法进行分析：
View的requestLayout方法：
requestLayout是view的方法。例如以下所看到的：
@CallSuper
public void requestLayout() {
............
if (mParent != null && !mParent.isLayoutRequested()) {
mParent.requestLayout();
}
.........
}核心代码是mParent.requestLayout，这种方法就会一层层的往上递归。一直到ViewRootImpl的requestLayout。
ViewRootImpl的requestLayout方法在上一篇博客中已经分析过，这种方法会导致整个View树的重绘。
View的invalidate方法：
public void invalidate() {
invalidate(true);
}
void invalidate(boolean invalidateCache) {
invalidateInternal(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop, invalidateCache, true);
}
void invalidateInternal(int l, int t, int r, int b, boolean invalidateCache,
boolean fullInvalidate) {
...........
// Propagate the damage rectangle to the parent view.
final AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
final ViewParent p = mParent;
if (p != null && ai != null && l < r && t < b) {
final Rect damage = ai.mTmpInvalRect;
damage.set(l, t, r, b);
p.invalidateChild(this, damage);
}
...........
}我们发现终于调用了当前view父视图的invalidateChid方法。于是查看ViewGroup的invalidateChid方法：
/**
* Don't call or override this method. It is used for the implementation of
* the view hierarchy.
*/
@Override
public final void invalidateChild(View child, final Rect dirty) {
ViewParent parent = this;
.............
do {
View view = null;
if (parent instanceof View) {
view = (View) parent;
}
..........
parent = parent.invalidateChildInParent(location, dirty);
if (view != null) {
// Account for transform on current parent
Matrix m = view.getMatrix();
if (!m.isIdentity()) {
RectF boundingRect = attachInfo.mTmpTransformRect;
boundingRect.set(dirty);
m.mapRect(boundingRect);
dirty.set((int) Math.floor(boundingRect.left),
(int) Math.floor(boundingRect.top),
(int) Math.ceil(boundingRect.right),
(int) Math.ceil(boundingRect.bottom));
}
}
} while (parent != null);
}
}
我们发现invalidateChild方法里面有一个do-while循环。在这个循环里面循环调用invalidateChildInParent方法，到这里我们自然就能够想到终于会调用ViewRootImpl的invalidateChildInParent方法，ViewRootImpl的invalidateChildInParent方法例如以下所看到的：
@Override
public ViewParent invalidateChildInParent(int[] location, Rect dirty) {
checkThread();
if (DEBUG_DRAW) Log.v(mTag, "Invalidate child: " + dirty);
if (dirty == null) {
invalidate();
return null;
} else if (dirty.isEmpty() && !mIsAnimating) {
return null;
}
............
return null;
}能够看到在这种方法里面调用了invalidate方法，例如以下所看到的：
void invalidate() {
mDirty.set(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight);
if (!mWillDrawSoon) {
scheduleTraversals();
}
}看到这里是否有一种非常熟悉的赶脚（假设看了上一篇博客的话），这个scheduleTraversals方法终于会调用View的三个基本绘制流程来实现整个View树的绘制。
View的postInvalidate方法：
当我们想在非ui线程其中刷新View的时候一般都是调用postInvalidate方法，View的postInvalidate方法例如以下所看到的：
public void postInvalidate() {
postInvalidateDelayed(0);
}
public void postInvalidateDelayed(long delayMilliseconds) {
// We try only with the AttachInfo because there's no point in invalidating
// if we are not attached to our window
final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
if (attachInfo != null) {
attachInfo.mViewRootImpl.dispatchInvalidateDelayed(this, delayMilliseconds);
}
}能够看出是调用了ViewRootImpl的dispatchInvalidateDelayed方法：
public void dispatchInvalidateDelayed(View view, long delayMilliseconds) {
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_INVALIDATE, view);
mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMilliseconds);
}这种方法就是发送一个MSG_INVALIDATE消息到消息队列其中，那肯定是在Handler的handleMessage方法里面对消息进行了处理：
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_INVALIDATE:
((View) msg.obj).invalidate();
break;在handleMessage方法里面调用了View的invalidate方法,而关于invalidate方法，在上面进行了详细的分析。
到此为止。对View绘制的三个基本流程从源代码的角度进行了详细的剖析，谢谢各位的阅读。不足之处欢迎指出。
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