1) If you XOR a bit with its own negated value, you will always get 1. Therefore thesolution to a ^ (~a)  will be the sequence of 1s.

consider a is of data-type byte.

example:

a = 00000001

~a  = 11111110

Now a ^ (~a) = 11111111

2) An operation like x & (~0 << n) clears the n rightmost bits of x. The value ~o is the sequences of 1s, so by shifting it by n, we have a bunch of ones followed by n zeros. By doing AND we clear the the rightmost n digits
of x.

3) Bit Facts and Tricks:

x ^ 0′s = x                                       x & 0′s = 0                          x | 0′s = x

x ^ 1′s = ~x                                     x & 1′s = x                            x | 1′s = 1′s

x ^ x = 0                                         x & x = x                               x | x = x

4)  Get Bit :

If I want to get the bit at i-th position, this method shifts1 over by i bits , creating a value and performing an
AND operation with the numbernum. If the resultant value is zero, that bit is unset else, that bit is set.

1
2
3
boolean
getBit(int num,int
i) {
    return((num & (1
<< i)) != 0);
}

5) Set Bit:

If I want to set the bit at i-th position, this method shifts1 over by i bits , creating a value and performing an
OR operation with the numbernum.

1
2
3
public
int setBit(intnum,
int i) {
    returnnum | (1
<< i);
}

6) Clear Bit:

This method operates in reverse way as the setBit method works. To clear the
i-th bit we first negate the result obtained from 1 << i and perform AND operation with the numbernum.

1
2
3
4
public
int clearBit(intnum,
int i) {
    intmask = ~(1
<< i);
    returnnum & mask;
}

7) Clear all the MSB through i (inclusive) 高位到低位清零（包括低位）

This method is meant for clearing all the MSB’s (Most Significant Bits) through i (inclusive) we do:

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2
3
4
public
int clearBitsMSBThrough(intnum,
int i) {
    intmask = (
1 << (i +
1) ) - 1;
    returnnum & mask;
}

8) Clear all the bits from i through o(inclusive) 低位到0位清零 （包括低位）

This method is meant for clearing all the bits from i through 0 from the number num:

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2
3
4
public
int clearBitsIthrough0(intnum,
int i) {
    intmask = ~(1
<< (i + 1)) -
1;
    returnnum & mask;
}

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