How To Use PostgreSQL with Your Ruby on Rails Application on Ubuntu 14.04

链接来自于:https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-postgresql-with-your-ruby-on-rails-application-on-ubuntu-14-04

Introduction

Ruby on Rails uses sqlite3 as its default database, which works great in many cases, but may not be sufficient for your application. If your application requires the scalability, centralization, and control (or any other feature) that is provided by a client/server SQL database, such as PostgreSQL or MySQL, you will need to perform a few additional steps to get it up and running.

This tutorial will show you how to set up a development Ruby on Rails environment that will allow your applications to use a PostgreSQL database, on an Ubuntu 14.04 server. First, we will cover how to install and configure PostgreSQL. Then we'll show you how to create a rails application that uses PostgreSQL as its database server.

Prerequisites

This tutorial requires that have a working Ruby on Rails development environment. If you do not already have that, you may follow the tutorial in this link: How To Install Ruby on Rails with rbenv on Ubuntu 14.04.

You will also need to have access to a superuser, or sudo, account, so you can install the PostgreSQL database software.

Once you're ready, let's install PostgreSQL.

Install PostgreSQL

If you don't already have PostgreSQL installed, let's do that now.

First, update apt-get:

• sudo apt-get update

Then install PostgreSQL and its development libraries:

• sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib libpq-dev

PostgreSQL is now installed but you should create a new database user, that your Rails application will use.

Create Database User

Create a PostgreSQL superuser user with this command (substitute the highlighted word with your own username):

• sudo -u postgres createuser -s pguser

If you want to set a password for the database user, enter the PostgreSQL console with this command:

• sudo -u postgres psql

The PostgreSQL console is indicated by the postgres=# prompt. At the PostgreSQL prompt, enter this command to set the password for the database user that you created:

• \password pguser

Enter your desired password at the prompt, and confirm it.

Now you may exit the PostgreSQL console by entering this command:

• \q

Let's create a Rails application now.

Create New Rails Application

Create a new Rails application in your home directory. Use the -d postgresql option to set PostgreSQL as the database, and be sure to substitute the highlighted word with your application name:

• cd ~
• rails new appname -d postgresql

Then move into the application's directory:

• cd appname

The next step is to configure the application's database connection.

Configure Database Connection

The PostgreSQL user that you created will be used to create your application's test and development databases. We need to configure the proper database settings for your application.

Open your application's database configuration file in your favorite text editor. We'll use vi:

• vi config/database.yml

Under the default section, find the line that says "pool: 5" and add the following lines under it. It should look something like this (replace the highlighted parts with your PostgreSQL user and password):

  host: localhost

  username: pguser

  password: pguser_password

Save and exit.

Create Application Databases

Create your application's development and test databases by using this rake command:

• rake db:create

This will create two databases in your PostgreSQL server. For example, if your application's name is "appname", it will create databases called "appname_development" and "appname_test".

If you get an error at this point, revisit the previous subsection (Configure Database Connection) to be sure that the host, username, and password in database.yml are correct. After ensuring that the database information is correct, try creating the application databases again.

Test Configuration

The easiest way to test that your application is able to use the PostgreSQL database is to try to run it.

For example, to run the development environment (the default), use this command:

• rails server

This will start your Rails application on your localhost on port 3000.

If your Rails application is on a remote server, and you want to access it through a web browser, an easy way is to bind it to the public IP address of your server. First, look up the public IP address of your server, then use it with the rails server command like this (substitute it for the highlighted part):

• rails server --binding=server_public_IP

Now you should be able to access your Rails application in a web browser via the server's public IP address on port 3000:

http://server_public_IP:3000

If you see the "Welcome aboard" Ruby on Rails page, your application is properly configured, and connected to the PostgreSQL database.