a = 2,

print(a)

print(type(a))

b = ('a','b','c')

print(b[1])

(2,)

<class 'tuple'>

b

#创建字典

a = {'a':'python','b':'ruby','c':'java'}  #直接创建一个字典

print(a)

#内置字典方法创建：dict

a = dict((('a','b'),))

print(a)

a = dict([['a','b'],])

print(a)

#修改字典

a = {'a': 'b'}

set1 = a.setdefault("c","java")

print(a)

print(set1)

#查询操作

a = {'a':'python','b':'ruby','c':'java'}

print(a.keys())

print(a.values())

print(a.items())

print(a['a'])

#update方法

a = {'a':'python','b':'ruby','c':'java'}

b = {'d':'shell'}

a.update(b)

print(a)

a.update({'a':'javascript'})

print(a)

#删除方法

a = {'a':'python','b':'ruby','c':'java'}

a.clear()

print(a) # 清空字典

a = {'a':'python','b':'ruby','c':'java'}

del a['a']

print(a)

print("********************")

a = {'a':'python','b':'ruby','c':'java'}

b = a.pop('b')

print(a)

print(b)

print("********************")

a = {'a':'python','b':'ruby','c':'java'}

b = a.popitem()

print(a)

print(b)

a = {'a':'python','b':'ruby','c':'java'}

del a  #整个字典被删除

print('其他字典方法')

a = {'first':'python'}

b = dict.fromkeys(['a','b'],['test'])

print(a)

print(b)

print('字典的遍历')

a = {'a':'python','b':'ruby','c':'java'}

for i,j in a.items():

    print(i,j)

for i in a:    #效率比上面的高

    print(i,a[i])

print('join 字符串合并方法')

a = ['python','ruby','java']

b = ''.join(a)

print(b)

c = '*'.join(a)

print(c)

print('字符串常用方法')

a = 'python py'

print(a.count('p'))

print(a.capitalize())

print("format格式化输出")

a = "my favorite book {name} and {name2}"

print(a.format_map({'name':'python','name2':'java'}))

print(a.format(name = 'shell',name2 = 'bash'))

print(a.isdigit())