Django路由分组

通过上次的学习，我们已经对Django有了简单的了解，现在来深入了解下~

1. 路由系统

1.1 单一路由对应

a. urls

url(r'^login/', views.login),   # login ---> 函数名 views.login

b. templates目录下的login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>登录</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="/login/" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">

        <p>

            <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名"/>

        </p>

        <p>

            <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码"/>

        </p>

        <p>

            男:<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男"/>

            女:<input type="radio" name="sex" value="女"/>

        </p>

        <p>

            <select name="city" multiple="multiple">

                <option value="bj" >北京</option>

                <option value="sh" >上海</option>

                <option value="sz" >深圳</option>

            </select>

        </p>

        <p>

            <input type="file" name="upload"/>

        </p>

        <p>

            <input type="submit" value="提交"/>

        </p>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

c. views视图

USER_LIST = {}

def login(request):

    if request.method == 'GET':    #判断请求方式

        return render(request, 'login.html')

    elif request.method == 'POST':

        user = request.POST.get('user')   #post请求，单选、输入框获取值

        pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')

        sex = request.POST.get('sex')

        #多选获取值

        city = request.POST.getlist('city')

        # 上传文件

        upload_file_obj = request.FILES.get('upload')

        print(type(upload_file_obj), upload_file_obj)  #<class 'django.core.files.uploadedfile.InMemoryUploadedFile'> 2.jpg

        #保存上传的文件到upload目录

        upload_path = os.path.join('upload', upload_file_obj.name)

        fw = open(upload_path, 'wb')

        for line in upload_file_obj.chunks(): #chunks表示所有的数据库，是个迭代器

            fw.write(line)

        fw.close()

        if user and pwd:

            USER_LIST['name'] = user

            USER_LIST['pwd'] = pwd

            USER_LIST['sex'] = sex

            USER_LIST['city'] = city

            USER_LIST['file'] = upload_file_obj.name

            return render(request, 'success.html', {"user_list": USER_LIST})

        else:

            return HttpResponse('请求不能为空')

    else:

        return HttpResponse('请求方式不是get\post')   #HttpResponse("字符串")

1.2 基于正则的路由

a. urls 路由设置

 # url(r'^detail/', views.detail),   #常规url方式，针对某个方法的写法

    url(r'^detail-(\d+).html', views.detail),  #通过正则匹配url,形式是:  detail-xx

b, templates目录下的 index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>index</title>

</head>

<body>

    <!--

       <ul>

        {% for k,v in user_dict.items %}

            <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail/?nid={{ k }}">{{ v.name }}</a></li>

        {% endfor %}

     </ul>

 -->

    <ul>

        {% for k,v in user_dict.items %}

            <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ v.name }}</a></li>

        {% endfor %}

    </ul>

</body>

</html>

c. views视图

USER_DICT = {

     "": {"name": "root1", "email": "qwe1@163.com"},

     "": {"name": "root2", "email": "qwe2@163.com"},

     "": {"name": "root3", "email": "qwe3@163.com"},

     "": {"name": "root4", "email": "qwe4@163.com"},

}

def index(request):

    return render(request, 'index.html', {"user_dict": USER_DICT})

#单一路由对应

# def detail(request):

#     nid = request.GET.get('nid')   #get请求方式，或者到nid的值，即USER_DICT的key

#     detail_info = USER_DICT[nid]

#     return render(request, 'detail.html', {"detail_info": detail_info})

#正则路由

def detail(request, nid):

    # nid指定的是(\d+)里的内容

    detail_info = USER_DICT[nid]

    return render(request, 'detail.html', {"detail_info": detail_info})

1.3 正则分组

如果url涉及多个数字拼接，怎么区分接受的数据是nid ？还是tid？

a, 在url.py增加对应路径

url(r'^index/', views.index),

    # url(r'^detail/', views.detail),   #常规url方式，针对某个方法的写法

    # url(r'^detail-(\d+).html', views.detail),  #通过正则匹配url,形式是:  detail-xx

    url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<tid>\d+).html', views.detail),  #通过正则分组,形式是:  detail-xx-xx

b, templates目录下的 index.html

     <ul>

        {% for k,v in user_dict.items %}

            <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}-9.html">{{ v.name }}</a></li>

        {% endfor %}

    </ul>

c. views视图

#正则路由

# def detail(request, nid):

#     # nid指定的是(\d+)里的内容

#     detail_info = USER_DICT[nid]

#     return render(request, 'detail.html', {"detail_info": detail_info})

def detail(request, **kwargs):

    print(kwargs)   # {'nid': '1', 'tid': '9'}

    nid = kwargs.get("nid")

    detail_info = USER_DICT[nid]

    return render(request, 'detail.html', {"detail_info": detail_info})

1.4 为路由映射名称

如接口名称进行了变更，多次变更，涉及的trmplates、views 都需要进行修改，有什么办法可以解决这种方式？ urls 路由设置name。

a, 在url.py增加name属性

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^asdfasdf/', views.exmplas_urls, name="demo1"),

    url(r'^buy/(\d+)', views.exmplas_urls, name="demo2"),

    url(r'^check/(?P<nid>\d+)/(?P<tid>\d+)', views.exmplas_urls, name="demo3"),

]

b. view视图

#为路由映射名称

def exmplas_urls(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        user = request.POST.get('user')

        return render(request, 'demo.html', {'user': user})

    else:

        return render(request, 'demo.html')

#为路由映射名称

def exmplas_urls(request, nid):

    print(nid)

    if request.method == 'POST':

        user = request.POST.get('user')

        return render(request, 'demo.html', {'user': user})

    else:

        return render(request, 'demo.html')

#为路由映射名称

def exmplas_urls(request, **kwargs):

    print(kwargs)  #{'nid': '3', 'tid': '9'}

    if request.method == 'POST':

        user = request.POST.get('user')

        return render(request, 'demo.html', {'user': user})

    else:

        return render(request, 'demo.html')

c. templates目录下的 demo.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>urls映射名称</title>

</head>

<body>

    <!--1. 常规写法  action="/asdfasdf/"  优化写法：action="{% url "demo1" %}"

        2. url正则  action="buy/6"  优化写法: action = {% url "demo2" 6 %}

        3. url分组  action = "check/6/9"   优化写法： action = {% url "demo3" nid=3 tid=9 %}

     -->

    {{ user }}

    <form action="{% url "demo3" nid=3 tid=9 %}" method="POST">

        <p><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名"/></p>

        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码"/></p>

        <p><input type="submit" name="提交"/></p>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

1.5 获取当前URL

view.py中配置：

def login(request):

    print(request.path_info)

    return render(request, 'path.html')

在templates目录下的path.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>当前URL</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>当前url: {{  request.path_info  }}</h1>

    <form action="{{ request.path_info }}" method="POST">

        <p><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名称"/></p>

        <p><input type="submit" value="刷新"/></p>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

页面访问效果

1.6 根据app对路由分类

主程序urls.py文件

from django.contrib import admin

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'cmdb/', include('cmdb.urls')),

    url(r'cmdb02/', include('cmdb02.urls'))，

]

cmdb下的urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url

from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'login/', views.login)

]

cmdb02下的urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url

from cmdb02 import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'login/', views.login)

]

页面访问：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/cmdb/login/

http://127.0.0.1:8000/cmdb02/login/

巴特西

Django路由分组

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