Struts2是一个优秀的MVC框架，也是我比较喜欢用的框架。它个各种配置基本都可以集中在一个xml文档中完成。现在让我们看看如何简单几步实现常用功能。

一、搭建Struts2的开发环境

1）首先是利用Maven导入依赖，其实真正使用的只有一个struts2-core包

<dependencies>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>

        <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>

        <version>2.3.24</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>log4j</groupId>

        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>

        <version>1.2.17</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>junit</groupId>

        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

        <version>4.12</version>

        <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

</dependencies>

pom.xml

2）新建各种package（其实建包这类的事情都是个人习惯，你也可以等用到再建）

3）配置web.xml

顺带提一句，如果你没有通过Maven来引入依赖而是通过Struts官网下载的完整开发包，可以直接找到事例配置文件。直接导入进你的项目就可以了，省时又省力，安全又方便。

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC

 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"

 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>

    <display-name>Struts2 Demo</display-name>

    <filter>

        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>

    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>

        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

web.xml

4）增加资源文件struts.xml（这个文件的默认路径就是在classes下面）

直接在官方开发包里找一个放进项目中就可以了。

以上4步就可以完成struts2的开发环境搭建，真的很简单。

二、功能实现与代码示例

1）首先是建立测试使用的jsp页面。

首页：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()

            + path + "/";

%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<title>Basic Struts 2 Application - Welcome</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>Welcome To Struts 2!</h1>

    <p>

        <a href="register.jsp">Please register</a> for our network station.

    </p>

    <p>

        Here is <a href="login.jsp">login link</a>.

    </p>

</body>

</html>

index.jsp

跳转成功和跳转失败页面（每次开发我都习惯配置这样一对页面）：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()

            + path + "/";

%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<title>Insert title here</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>success!</h1>

    <p>Log in to the <a href="manager/management">Management</a></p>

    <s:property value="#session.user" />

    <s:debug></s:debug>

</body>

</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()

            + path + "/";

%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<title>Insert title here</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>error!</h1>

    <s:property value="#request.message" />

    <s:debug></s:debug>

</body>

</html>

error.jsp

注册页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"

            + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()

            + path + "/";

%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<title>register</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>register</h1>

    <s:form action="register">

        <s:textfield name="userVo.userName" label="User Name" />

        <s:password name="userVo.userPassword" label="User Password" />

        <s:password name="userVo.userPasswordConfirm" label="Confirm" />

        <s:submit />

    </s:form>

</body>

</html>

register.jsp

登录页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"

            + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()

            + path + "/";

%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<title>login</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>login</h1>

    <s:form action="login">

        <s:textfield name="user.userName" label="User Name" />

        <s:password name="user.userPassword" label="User Password" />

        <s:submit />

    </s:form>

</body>

</html>

login.jsp

后台管理页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()

            + path + "/";

%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<title>management</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>Management</h1>

    <a href="manager/management-add">add</a>

    <br />

    <a href="manager/management-remove">remove</a>

    <br />

    <a href="manager/management-modify">modify</a>

    <br />

    <s:property value="#request.operate" />

</body>

</html>

management.jsp

2）配置struts.xml

由于我已经事先在IDE中完成了整个项目，所以这里就直接提供完整配置。实际开发中往往都是一条一条增加的，特别是拦截器和监听器的配置其实是在整个action都完成以后才添加的功能，具体的测试步骤就不一一赘述了。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"

    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <!-- struts2 支持"!"的动态方法调用,但并不建议 -->

    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

    <!-- 配置一个监听器 -->

    <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionEventListener" class="action.listener.ServiceListener" />

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

        <!-- 自定义拦截器需要同时继承默认拦截器栈 -->

        <interceptors>

            <interceptor name="timer" class="action.interceptor.Timer" />

            <interceptor-stack name="myStack">

                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />

                <interceptor-ref name="timer" />

            </interceptor-stack>

        </interceptors>

        <!-- 在package下配置的拦截器可以对所有action生效 -->

        <default-interceptor-ref name="myStack" />

        <!-- 若用户请求不存在，跳转掉首页。减少报错的几率 -->

        <default-action-ref name="index" />

        <!-- 配置统一的跳转页面，一般针对异常处理 -->

        <global-results>

            <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>

        </global-results>

        <action name="index">

            <result>/index.jsp</result>

        </action>

        <action name="register" class="action.RegisterAction" method="execute">

            <result name="success">/login.jsp</result>

            <result name="input">/register.jsp</result>

        </action>

        <action name="login" class="action.LoginAction" method="login">

            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>

        </action>

        <!-- 省略了方法调用和结果集返回字符串，默认就是execute()方法和success结果集 -->

        <action name="management" class="action.ManagementAction">

            <result>/management.jsp</result>

        </action>

    </package>

    <!-- 配置包继承 -->

    <package name="manager" namespace="/manager" extends="default">

        <action name="management" class="action.ManagementAction">

            <result>/management.jsp</result>

        </action>

        <!-- 使用通配符的动态方法调用是struts2推荐的方法 -->

        <action name="management-*" class="action.ManagementAction" method="{1}">

            <result name="success">/management.jsp</result>

        </action>

    </package>

</struts>

struts.xml

3）编写功能代码

（1）model和modelVo

package model;

public class User {

    private int id;

    private String userName;

    private String userPassword;

    public String getUserName() {

        return userName;

    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {

        this.userName = userName;

    }

    public String getUserPassword() {

        return userPassword;

    }

    public void setUserPassword(String userPassword) {

        this.userPassword = userPassword;

    }

    public int getId() {

        return id;

    }

    public void setId(int id) {

        this.id = id;

    }

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User [userName=" + userName + ", userPassword=" + userPassword + "]";

    }

}

User.java

package model.vo;

public class UserVo {

    private String userName;

    private String userPassword;

    private String userPasswordConfirm;

    public String getUserName() {

        return userName;

    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {

        this.userName = userName;

    }

    public String getUserPassword() {

        return userPassword;

    }

    public void setUserPassword(String userPassword) {

        this.userPassword = userPassword;

    }

    public String getUserPasswordConfirm() {

        return userPasswordConfirm;

    }

    public void setUserPasswordConfirm(String userPasswordConfirm) {

        this.userPasswordConfirm = userPasswordConfirm;

    }

}

UserVo.java

（2）service

配置了两个用户可以正常登陆，其中admin是管理员可以登陆后台

package service;

import model.*;

/*

 * 模拟后台数据库操作，orm框架都可以通过这个端口扩展

 */

public class GeneralService {

    public boolean save(User user) {

        return true;

    }

    public boolean login(User user) {

        if (user.getUserName().equals("admin") && user.getUserPassword().equals("admin")) {

            return true;

        }

        if (user.getUserName().equals("Learnhow") && user.getUserPassword().equals("Learnhow")) {

            return true;

        }

        return false;

    }

    public boolean isAdmin(User user) {

        if (user.getUserName().equals("admin") && user.getUserPassword().equals("admin")) {

            return true;

        }

        return false;

    }

}

GeneralService.java

（3）action、interceptor和listener

package action;

import java.util.Map;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import model.User;

import service.GeneralService;

/*

 * 用户登录

 */

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private GeneralService generalService = new GeneralService();

    private User user;

    public String login() throws Exception {

        if (generalService.login(user)) {

            //获得session对象，也可以通过SessionAware继承。还可以获得request和application对象。

            Map<String, Object> session = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("session");

            session.put("user", user);

            return SUCCESS;

        }

        Map<String, Object> request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");

        request.put("message", "The user name or password mistake, please login again");

        return ERROR;

    }

    public User getUser() {

        return user;

    }

    public void setUser(User user) {

        this.user = user;

    }

}

LoginAction.java

package action;

import java.util.Map;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import model.User;

import service.GeneralService;

/*

 * 管理员登录

 */

public class ManagementAction extends ActionSupport {

    // GeneralService对象没有新建，而是通过监听器注入的

    private GeneralService generalService;

    private Map<String, Object> request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

        Map<String, Object> session = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("session");

        User user = (User) session.get("user");

        if (user.getUserName().equals("admin") && user.getUserPassword().equals("admin")) {

            return SUCCESS;

        }

        return ERROR;

    }

    // 动态的add()方法调用

    public String add() throws Exception {

        request.put("operate", "add");

        return SUCCESS;

    }

    public String remove() throws Exception {

        request.put("operate", "remove");

        return SUCCESS;

    }

    public String modify() throws Exception {

        request.put("operate", "modify");

        return SUCCESS;

    }

    public GeneralService getGeneralService() {

        return generalService;

    }

    public void setGeneralService(GeneralService generalService) {

        this.generalService = generalService;

    }

}

ManagementAction.java

package action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import model.User;

import model.vo.UserVo;

import service.GeneralService;

/*

 * 用户注册

 */

public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private GeneralService generalService = new GeneralService();

    private User user;

    //添加了setter和getter方法的变量会跟随请求被存入值栈

    private UserVo userVo;

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

        user = new User();

        user.setUserName(userVo.getUserName());

        user.setUserPassword(userVo.getUserPassword());

        generalService.save(user);

        return SUCCESS;

    }

    //struts2的验证方法，可以针对表单做动态验证。调用验证方法的返回字符串是input

    @Override

    public void validate() {

        if (userVo.getUserName().length() == 0) {

            addFieldError("userVo.userName", "user name is required.");

        }

        if (userVo.getUserPassword().length() == 0) {

            addFieldError("userVo.userPassword", "user password is required.");

        }

        if (!userVo.getUserPassword().equals(userVo.getUserPasswordConfirm())) {

            addFieldError("userVo.userPasswordConfirm", "passwords don't match");

        }

    }

    public UserVo getUserVo() {

        return userVo;

    }

    public void setUserVo(UserVo userVo) {

        this.userVo = userVo;

    }

}

RegisterAction.java

package action.interceptor;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;

/*

 * 给action添加一个运行时间的拦截器

 */

public class Timer extends AbstractInterceptor {

    @Override

    public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {

        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        String result = invocation.invoke();

        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("Time:" + (endTime - startTime));

        return result;

    }

}

Timer.java

package action.listener;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionEventListener;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack;

import action.*;

import model.*;

import service.GeneralService;

/*

 * 实现的ActionEventListener的监听器，可以针对action和异常处理

 * 根据官方文档的描述，监听器的作用是在action实例化的过程中或有异常发生的时候增加逻辑处理，这一点不同于拦截器。也就是说监听器是可以对action做出区分的。

 */

public class ServiceListener implements ActionEventListener {

    public Object prepare(Object action, ValueStack stack) {

        if (action instanceof ManagementAction) {

            //通过struts2框架为特定action注入对象

            ((ManagementAction) action).setGeneralService(new GeneralService());

        }

        return action;

    }

    public String handleException(Throwable t, ValueStack stack) {

        return null;

    }

}

ServiceListener.java

Struts2基本配置大概就是这样，其实也没有什么难度，关键是好用。不过现在好像依然使用Struts2新开发的项目越来越少了，更多项目使用SpringMVC代替，但是如果是我自己写项目Struts依然是首选，因为我比较“土”！

最后依照惯例附上整个项目的部署目录和IDE版本：

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