这个已经淘汰

https://learn.jquery.com/jquery-ui/environments/bower/

Web sites are made of lots of things — frameworks, libraries, assets, and utilities. Bower manages all these things for you.

Keeping track of all these packages and making sure they are up to date (or set to the specific versions you need) is tricky. Bower to the rescue!

Bower can manage components that contain HTML, CSS, JavaScript, fonts or even image files. Bower doesn’t concatenate or minify code or do anything else - it just installs the right versions of the packages you need and their dependencies.

To get started, Bower works by fetching and installing packages from all over, taking care of hunting, finding, downloading, and saving the stuff you’re looking for. Bower keeps track of these packages in a manifest file, bower.json. How you use packages is up to you. Bower provides hooks to facilitate using packages in your tools and workflows.

Bower is optimized for the front-end. If multiple packages depend on a package - jQuery for example - Bower will download jQuery just once. This is known as a flat dependency graph and it helps reduce page load.

Install Bower

Bower is a command line utility. Install it with npm.

npm install -g bower

Bower requires node, npm and git.

Latest release:

For troubleshooting installation on different platforms, read the troubleshooting wiki page.

Getting started

Install packages

Install packages with bower install. Bower installs packages to bower_components/.

bower install <package>

A package can be a GitHub shorthand, a Git endpoint, a URL, and more. Read more about bower install.

# installs the project dependencies listed in bower.json

bower install

# registered package

bower install jquery

# GitHub shorthand

bower install desandro/masonry

# Git endpoint

bower install git://github.com/user/package.git

# URL

bower install http://example.com/script.js

Search packages

Search Bower packages and find the registered package names for your favorite projects.

Save packages

Create a bower.json file for your package with bower init.

Then save new dependencies to your bower.json with bower install PACKAGE --save

Use packages

How you use packages is up to you. We recommend you use Bower together with Grunt, RequireJS, Yeoman, and lots of other tools or build your own workflow with the API. You can also use the installed packages directly, like this, in the case of jquery:

<script src="bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>

实例

https://libraries.io/bower/blueimp-file-upload

bower install blueimp-file-upload

安装完成后可以查看版本

https://stedolan.github.io/jq/

https://shapeshed.com/jq-json/#how-to-find-a-key-and-value

https://github.com/stedolan/jq/wiki/Installation#windows-with-choco

cat bower_components/blueimp-file-upload/.bower.json | ./jq-win64.exe '.version'
"9.32.0"

npm

https://www.npmjs.com/package/blueimp-file-upload

npm i blueimp-file-upload

Bye, bye, Bower! Or how to migrate from Bower to npm and Webpack

Bower is going away. Even the bower team is recommending developers to move over to npm (or Yarn which I personally prefer) and Webpack. As one can see from the screenshot, we get the following warning when running npm i bower from cli.

Difference between Grunt, NPM and Bower ( package.json vs bower.json )

Update for mid 2016:

The things are changing so fast that if it's late 2017 this answer might not be up to date anymore!

Beginners can quickly get lost in choice of build tools and workflows, but what's most up to date in 2016 is not using Bower, Grunt or Gulp at all! With help of Webpack you can do everything directly in NPM!

Google "npm as build tool" result: https://medium.com/@dabit3/introduction-to-using-npm-as-a-build-tool-b41076f488b0#.c33e74tsa
Webpack: https://webpack.github.io/docs/installation.html

Don't get me wrong people use other workflows and I still use GULP in my legacy project(but slowly moving out of it), but this is how it's done in the best companies and developers working in this workflow make a LOT of money!

Look at this template it's a very up-to-date setup consisting of a mixture of the best and the latest technologies: https://github.com/coryhouse/react-slingshot

Webpack
NPM as a build tool (no Gulp, Grunt or Bower)
React with Redux
ESLint
the list is long. Go and explore!

Your questions:

When I want to add a package (and check in the dependency into git), where does it belong - into package.json or into bower.json

Everything belongs in package.json now
Dependencies required for build are in "devDependencies" i.e. npm install require-dir --save-dev (--save-dev updates your package.json by adding an entry to devDependencies)
Dependencies required for your application during runtime are in "dependencies" i.e. npm install lodash --save (--save updates your package.json by adding an entry to dependencies)

If that is the case, when should I ever install packages explicitly like that without adding them to the file that manages dependencies (apart from installing command line tools globally)?

Always. Just because of comfort. When you add a flag (--save-dev or --save) the file that manages deps (package.json) gets updated automatically. Don't waste time by editing dependencies in it manually. Shortcut for npm install --save-dev package-name is npm i -D package-name and shortcut for npm install --save package-name is npm i -S package-name

巴特西

如何下载js类库