12.Java web--过滤器与监听器

1）过滤器

就是为请求与目标之间加一个或多个过滤器

自定义过滤器要实现Filter接口

下面是定义一个所有Servlet的请求中文不乱码

/**

 * 用于servlet输出中文乱码的过滤

 */

@WebFilter("/CharsetFilter")

public class CharsetFilter implements Filter {

   private String encode;

    public CharsetFilter() {

        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

    }

	public void destroy() {

		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

		 if(encode!="") {

			 response.setCharacterEncoding(encode);

			 response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+encode);

		 }

		//FilterChain的作用是进入下一步过滤或直接到达请求目标

		chain.doFilter(request, response);

	}

	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {

		//获取web.xml定义的参数

		 encode=(String)fConfig.getInitParameter("encode");

	}

}

相关要在web.xml配置，与servlet配置差不多

	<filter>

		<filter-name>CharsetFilter</filter-name>

		<filter-class>crm.CharsetFilter</filter-class>

		<!-- 定义一些初始参数 -->

		<init-param>

			<param-name>encode</param-name>

			<param-value>utf-8</param-value>

		</init-param>

	</filter>

	<filter-mapping>

		<filter-name>CharsetFilter</filter-name>

	<!-- 	/*是通配符的写法，也可指定为某一个servlet或jsp页进行过滤

		如/index.jsp -->

		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

	</filter-mapping>

2）监听器

可以监听web状态变化，web容器产生的相应事件

1.Servlet上下监听

有两个接口：

ServletContextListener接口：监听ServletContext的创建与删除

ServletAttributeListener接口：监听ServletContext属性的增加、删除、修改（application范围）

例子，ServletAtrributeListener使用

public class MyServletAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {

    public MyServletAttributeListener() {

        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

    }

//有新属性加入时触发

    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)  {

         // TODO Auto-generated method stub

     ServletContext context= 	scae.getServletContext();

      System.out.println("新增name:"+scae.getName()+"="+scae.getValue());

    }

    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)  {

    	 System.out.println("删除name:"+scae.getName()+"="+scae.getValue());

    }

    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)  {

    	 System.out.println("修改name:"+scae.getName()+"="+scae.getValue());

    }

}

web.xml的配置

<listener>

  <listener-class>crm.MyServletAttributeListener</listener-class>

  </listener>

2.HTTP会话监听接口

HttpSessionListenner:监听会话的创建、销毁

HttpSessionActivationListener:监听HTTP会话的active\passivate

HttpBindingListener:当有对象加入移除session时触发，唯一一个不需要在web.xml配置，只要实例化即可启用

HttpSessionAttributeListener:设置session的Attribute时触发

3.Servlet请求监听

ServletRequestListener ：ServletRequest的创建与变更

ServletRequestAttributeListener ：ServletRequest的Attribute变化时

3）新增注释

像Servlet、Filter、Listener、WebInitParam等都要在web.xml配置，现在新增在类的实现方法，不需要再在web.xml配置

1. @WebServlet

只要在自定义的Servlet类上标注，如

@WebServlet(name="MyServlet",value= "/MyServlet", initParams= {@WebInitParam(name="weburl",value="http://www.x.com")})

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

}

2. @WebFilter

3.WebListener

@WebListener("用于XXX")

4. @WebInitParam

5. @MultipartConfig

用于上传文件，用在Servlet类，且在@WebServlet注释之下

@WebServlet("/UpServlet")

@MultipartConfig(location="E:\\study\\java\\crm\\WebContent")

public class UpServlet extends HttpServlet {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**

     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()

     */

    public UpServlet() {

        super();

        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

    }

	/**

	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

	 */

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());

	}

	/**

	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

	 */

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

		 PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();

		 String path=getServletContext().getRealPath("/");//获取服务器地址

		 Part p=request.getPart("file1");//获取用户选择的文件

		 if(p.getContentType().contains("image")) {

			 //仅处理图片的上传

			 ApplicationPart ap=(ApplicationPart)p;

			 String fnName=ap.getName();

			 p.write( "E:\\study\\java\\crm\\WebContent\\upload\\aa.jpg");

			 out.write("上传成功");

		 }

	}

}

要指定multipart/form-data

<form action="/crm/UpServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

	 <input type="file" name="file1" id="file1" />

		<button type="submit">提交</button>

	</form>

6）异步处理

Servlet和Filter可以异步

@WebFilter(filterName="CharsetFilter",asyncSupported=true)

或者

<filter>

    <filter-name>CharsetFilter</filter-name>

    <filter-class>crm.CharsetFilter</filter-class>

    <async-supported>true</async-supported>

  </filter>

巴特西

12.Java web--过滤器与监听器

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