1.通过关键字dict和关键字参数创建

>>> dic = dict(spam = 1, egg = 2, bar =3)

>>> dic

{'bar': 3, 'egg': 2, 'spam': 1}

2.通过二元组列表创建

>>> list = [('spam', 1), ('egg', 2), ('bar', 3)]

>>> dic = dict(list)

>>> dic

{'bar': 3, 'egg': 2, 'spam': 1}

3.dict和zip结合创建

>>> dic = dict(zip('abc', [1, 2, 3]))

>>> dic

{'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2}

4.通过字典推导式创建

>>> dic = {i:2*i for i in range(3)}

>>> dic

{0: 0, 1: 2, 2: 4}

5.通过dict.fromkeys()创建

通常用来初始化字典, 设置value的默认值

>>> dic = dict.fromkeys(range(3), 'x')

>>> dic

{0: 'x', 1: 'x', 2: 'x'}

6.其他

>>> list = ['x', 1, 'y', 2, 'z', 3]

>>> dic = dict(zip(list[::2], list[1::2]))

>>> dic

{'y': 2, 'x': 1, 'z': 3}