详细错误为：

严重: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 5 in XML document from file [C:\MyEclipse\Servers\apache-tomcat-7.0.42\webapps\JqDemo\WEB-INF\classes\spring-student.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans'.

    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:404)

    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:342)

    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:310)

    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:143)

    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:178)

    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:149)

    at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:124)

    at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:92)

    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:123)

    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:422)

    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:352)

    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:255)

    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:199)

    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:45)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4939)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5434)

    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)

    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1113)

    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1671)

    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:439)

    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)

    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:895)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:918)

    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)

Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans'.

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:195)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:131)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:384)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:318)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.handleStartElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:1922)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.startElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:711)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:400)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl$NSContentDriver.scanRootElementHook(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:626)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:3104)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:921)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:647)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:140)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:232)

    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:284)

    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader.loadDocument(DefaultDocumentLoader.java:75)

    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:396)

    ... 27 more

经过一天的调试发现spring配置头为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 数据源 -->

是错误的根源（太ＴＭ痛苦了，一天哪！）。正确应为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans

    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd

                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop

                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd

                         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx

                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd ">

好了，至此大工告成，虽说花了一天但是还是有收获的（注意其中的规律）。

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