#!/usr/bin/env python3

# coding: utf-8

# File: args_kwargs_demo.py

# Author: lxw

# Date: 10/9/17 11:16 AM

"""

Demos for "*args" & "**kwargs" in Python.

Reference: [Python中如何使用*args和**kwargs](http://python.jobbole.com/83476/)

"""

def func_args(*args):

    print("type(args):{0}\targs:{1}\n".format(type(args), args))

def func_kwargs(**kwargs):

    print("type(kwargs):{0}\tkwargs:{1}\n".format(type(kwargs), kwargs))

def func_args_kwargs(*args, **kwargs):

    print("type(args):{0}\targs:{1}".format(type(args), args))

    print("type(kwargs):{0}\tkwargs:{1}\n".format(type(kwargs), kwargs))

def func(arg1, arg2, arg3):

    print("arg1:{0}\targ2:{1}\targ3:{2}".format(arg1, arg2, arg3))

def main():

    # 函数定义

    func_args_kwargs(1, 2, 3)

    func_args_kwargs(1, a = 2, b = 3)

    func_args_kwargs(a = 1, b = 2, c = 3)

    func_args(1, 2, 3)

    # func_args(1, a = 2, b = 3)    # TypeError: func_args() got an unexpected keyword argument 'a'

    # func_args(a = 1, b = 2, c = 3)    # TypeError

    # func_kwargs(1, 2, 3)    # TypeError: func_kwargs() takes 0 positional arguments but 3 were given

    # func_kwargs(1, a = 2, b = 3)    # TypeError

    func_kwargs(a = 1, b = 2, c = 3)

    print("---" * 10, "\n")

    # 函数调用

    args  = (1, "two", 3)

    func(*args)

    args  = [1, "two", 3]

    func(*args)

    del args[0]

    print(args)

    func("One", *args)

    args_dic = {"arg3": 3, "arg1": "", "arg2": "two"}

    func(**args_dic)

    del args_dic["arg1"]

    print(args_dic)

    func(1, **args_dic)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

else:

    print("Being imported as a module.")

"""

# Output:

type(args):<class 'tuple'>    args:(1, 2, 3)

type(kwargs):<class 'dict'>    kwargs:{}

type(args):<class 'tuple'>    args:(1,)

type(kwargs):<class 'dict'>    kwargs:{'a': 2, 'b': 3}

type(args):<class 'tuple'>    args:()

type(kwargs):<class 'dict'>    kwargs:{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

type(args):<class 'tuple'>    args:(1, 2, 3)

type(kwargs):<class 'dict'>    kwargs:{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

------------------------------ 

arg1:1    arg2:two    arg3:3

arg1:1    arg2:two    arg3:3

['two', 3]

arg1:One    arg2:two    arg3:3

arg1:1    arg2:two    arg3:3

{'arg3': 3, 'arg2': 'two'}

arg1:1    arg2:two    arg3:3

"""

def func_default_value(a=1, b=2, c=3):

    print("a:{0}\tb:{1}\tc:{2}".format(a, b, c))

def main():

    # func_default_value(b=3, c=1, 2)    # SyntaxError: positional argument follows keyword argumen

    # func_default_value(a=2, 5, c=8)    # SyntaxError: positional argument follows keyword argumen

    func_default_value(2, 5, c=8)    # OK

    func_default_value("a", c=8)    # OK

"""

# Output:

a: 2    b: 5    c:8

a: a    b: 2    c:8

"""