Java线程synchronized(一)
2024-10-21 12:37:52
线程安全概念：当多个线程访问某一个类（对象或方法）时，这个对象始终都能表现出正确的行为，那么这个类（对象或方法）就是线程安全的。
synchronized：可以在任意对象及方法上加锁，而加锁的这段代码称为"互斥区"或"临界区"
public class MyThread extends Thread{
private int count = 5 ;
public void run() {
count--;
System.out.println(this.currentThread().getName() + " count = " + count);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**
* 分析：当多个线程访问myThread的run方法时，以排队的方式进行处理（这里排对是按照CPU分配的先后顺序而定的），
* 一个线程想要执行synchronized修饰的方法里的代码：
* 1 尝试获得锁
* 2 如果拿到锁，执行synchronized代码体内容；拿不到锁，这个线程就会不断的尝试获得这把锁，直到拿到为止，
* 而且是多个线程同时去竞争这把锁。（也就是会有锁竞争的问题）
*/
MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myThread,"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(myThread,"t2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(myThread,"t3");
Thread t4 = new Thread(myThread,"t4");
Thread t5 = new Thread(myThread,"t5");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
t5.start();
}
}
同步：synchronized 同步的概念就是共享锁，不是共享的资源就没必要进行同步。
异步：asynchronized 相互之间不受到制约。
同步的目的就是为了线程安全，需要满足两个特性：
1.原子性
2.可见性
对象锁的同步和异步问题
public class MyObject {
public synchronized void method1(){
try{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread.sleep(4000);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void method2(){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final MyObject mo=new MyObject();
/**
* 分析：
* t1线程先持有object对象的Lock锁，t2线程可以以异步的方式调用对象中的非synchronized修饰的方法
* t1线程先持有object对象的Lock锁，t2线程如果在这个时候调用对象中的同步（synchronized）方法则需等待，也就是同步
*/
Thread t1=new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mo.method1();
}
},"t1");
Thread t2=new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mo.method2();
}
},"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
对于对象的同步和异步方法，设计程序，一定要考虑问题的整体，不然就会出现数据不一致的情况。脏读（dirtyread）
public class DirtyRead {
private String username = "laoshi";
private String password = "123";
public synchronized void setValue(String username, String password){
this.username = username;
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.password = password;
System.out.println("setValue最终结果：username = " + username + " , password = " + password);
}
public void getValue(){
System.out.println("getValue方法得到：username = " + this.username + " , password = " + this.password);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
final DirtyRead dr = new DirtyRead();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
dr.setValue("laosun", "456");
}
});
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
dr.getValue();
}
}
要枷锁，一起枷锁。不加都不加，保证业务的原子性。
synchronized锁重入：
当一个线程得到一个对象的锁后，再次请求对象可以再次得到对象的锁
public class SyncDubbo1 {
public synchronized void method1(){
System.out.println("method1..");
method2();
}
public synchronized void method2(){
System.out.println("method2..");
method3();
}
public synchronized void method3(){
System.out.println("method3..");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final SyncDubbo1 sd = new SyncDubbo1();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
sd.method1();
}
});
t1.start();
}
}
public class SyncDubbo2 {
static class Main {
public int i = 10;
public synchronized void operationSup(){
try {
i--;
System.out.println("Main print i = " + i);
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
static class Sub extends Main {
public synchronized void operationSub(){
try {
while(i > 0) {
i--;
System.out.println("Sub print i = " + i);
Thread.sleep(100);
this.operationSup();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Sub sub = new Sub();
sub.operationSub();
}
});
t1.start();
}
}
synchronized异常
public class SyncException {
private int i = 0;
public synchronized void operation(){
while(true){
try {
i++;
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , i = " + i);
if(i == 20){
//Integer.parseInt("a");
throw new RuntimeException();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final SyncException se = new SyncException();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
se.operation();
}
},"t1");
t1.start();
}
}
锁对象的改变问题
public class ChangeLock {
private String lock = "lock";
private void method(){
synchronized (lock) {
try {
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始");
lock = "change lock";
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "结束");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final ChangeLock changeLock = new ChangeLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
changeLock.method();
}
},"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
changeLock.method();
}
},"t2");
t1.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
t2.start();
}
}
死锁问题，在设计程序时就应该避免双方相互持有对方的锁的情况
public class DeadLock implements Runnable{
private String tag;
private static Object lock1 = new Object();
private static Object lock2 = new Object();
public void setTag(String tag){
this.tag = tag;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if(tag.equals("a")){
synchronized (lock1) {
try {
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock1执行");
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (lock2) {
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock2执行");
}
}
}
if(tag.equals("b")){
synchronized (lock2) {
try {
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock2执行");
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (lock1) {
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock1执行");
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
DeadLock d1 = new DeadLock();
d1.setTag("a");
DeadLock d2 = new DeadLock();
d2.setTag("b");
Thread t1 = new Thread(d1, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(d2, "t2");
t1.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
t2.start();
}
}
同一对象属性的修改不会影响锁的情况
public class ModifyLock {
private String name ;
private int age ;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public synchronized void changeAttributte(String name, int age) {
try {
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 开始");
this.setName(name);
this.setAge(age);
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 修改对象内容为： "
+ this.getName() + ", " + this.getAge());
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 结束");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final ModifyLock modifyLock = new ModifyLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
modifyLock.changeAttributte("张三", 20);
}
},"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
modifyLock.changeAttributte("李四", 21);
}
},"t2");
t1.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
t2.start();
}
}
使用synchronized代码块加锁,比较灵活
public class ObjectLock {
public void method1(){
synchronized (this){//对象锁
try {
System.out.println("do method1..");
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void method2(){ //类锁
synchronized (ObjectLock.class){
try {
System.out.println("do method2..");
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private Object lock=new Object();
public void method3(){ //任何对象锁
synchronized (lock){
try {
System.out.println("do method3..");
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final ObjectLock objLock = new ObjectLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
objLock.method1();
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
objLock.method2();
}
});
Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
objLock.method3();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
使用synchronized代码块减小锁的粒度，提高性能
public class Optimize {
public void doLongTimeTask(){
try {
System.out.println("当前线程开始：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
", 正在执行一个较长时间的业务操作，其内容不需要同步");
Thread.sleep(2000);
synchronized(this){
System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
", 执行同步代码块，对其同步变量进行操作");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
System.out.println("当前线程结束：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
", 执行完毕");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Optimize otz = new Optimize();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
otz.doLongTimeTask();
}
},"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
otz.doLongTimeTask();
}
},"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
synchronized代码块对字符串的锁，注意String常量池的缓存功能
public class StringLock {
public void method(){
synchronized ("字符串常量") {
try {
while(true){
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始");
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("当前线程 : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "结束");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final StringLock stringLock = new StringLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
stringLock.method();
}
},"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
stringLock.method();
}
},"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
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