>>> a = 'a b c d'

>>> a.split(' ')

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

>>> import re

>>> re.split(r'[;,.]\s', a)

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

>>> a

'a; b, c. d f'

>>> re.split(r'(;|,|\.|\s)\s*', a) # 捕获分组(会讲括号符合条件的字符匹配出来)

['a', ';', 'b', ',', 'c', '.', 'd', ' ', 'f']

>>> re.split(r'(?:;|,|\.|\s)\s*', a) # 非捕获分组(不会讲括号符合条件的字符匹配出来)

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'f']

startswith()用来判断是否是以什么字符开头

>>> a = 'index.py'

>>> a.startswith('in')

True

endswith()判断字符是以什么结尾

>>> a = 'index.py'

>>> a.endswith('py')

True

fnmatch()用来匹配字符串

>>> from fnmatch import fnmatch

>>> fnmatch('index.py', '*.py')

True

值得注意的是：fnmatch()在window和linux操作系统上有区别

# 在window操作系统上是成功的

>>> fnmatch('index.py', '*.PY')

True

# 在Linux操作系统上使用失败

>>> from fnmatch import fnmatch

>>> fnmatch('index.py', '*.py')

True

>>> fnmatch('index.py', '*.PY')

False

>>> from fnmatch import fnmatchcase

>>> fnmatchcase('index.py', '*.py')

True

>>> fnmatchcase('index.py', '*.PY')

False

>>> import re

>>> a = 'ahd; ncc,slf sa. e'

>>> patt1 = re.compile(r'[a-z]+')

>>> for i in patt1.finditer(a):

... print(i)

...

<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='ahd'>

<re.Match object; span=(5, 8), match='ncc'>

<re.Match object; span=(9, 12), match='slf'>

<re.Match object; span=(13, 15), match='sa'>

<re.Match object; span=(17, 18), match='e'>

>>> print(type(patt1.finditer(a)))

<class 'callable_iterator'>