初级

#models.py

from django.db import models

class User(models.Model):

    user = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    user_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='UserDetail', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, db_constraint=False)

    def account_msg(self):

        return self.user + ":" + self.password

class UserDetail(models.Model):

    phone_num = models.CharField(max_length=11)

    info = models.TextField()

# 自定义序列化类：为具体的类提供序列化

# objectjson.py

from rest_framework import serializers

class UserJson(serializers.Serializer):

    id = serializers.IntegerField()

    name = serializers.CharField(source='user')

    password = serializers.CharField()

    account = serializers.CharField(source='account_msg')

    # user_detail = serializers.CharField()

    # user_phone_num = serializers.CharField(source='user_detail.phone_num')

    detail = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_detail(self, object):

        return {'phone': object.user_detail.phone_num, 'info': object.user_detail.info}#自定义返回的数据格式

#views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from app import objectjson, models

class Users(APIView):

    def get(self, request):

        user_list = models.User.objects.all()

        user_data = objectjson.UserJson(user_list, many=True).data

        return Response({

            'status': 0,

            'message': 'ok',

            'results': user_data

        })

#urls.py

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^users/', views.Users.as_view()),

]

高级

#models.py

class Book(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)

    author = models.ManyToManyField('Author', db_constraint=False)

class Author(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, db_constraint=False)

class AuthorDetail(models.Model):

    age = models.IntegerField()

    telephone = models.BigIntegerField()

# 自定义序列化类：为具体的类提供序列化

# objectjson.py

class AuthorDetailJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.AuthorDetail

        # fields ='__all__' #对外提供所有字段

        exclude = ['id']  # 和fields两者取一，代表除id字段不提供

class AuthorJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.Author

        fields = ['id', 'name', 'detail']  # 自定义的detail字段也要声明也要提供哪些字段

        # fields = '__all__'

    detail = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    # exclude = ['author_detail']

    def get_detail(self, object):

        detail_data = AuthorDetailJson(object.author_detail).data

        return detail_data

class BookJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.Book

        exclude = ['author']

        # fields = '__all__'

        # depth = 2

    authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_authors(self, object):

        author_list = object.author.all()

        author_data = AuthorJson(author_list, many=True).data

        return author_data

 #views.py

class Books(APIView):

    def get(self, request):

        book_list = models.Book.objects.all()

        book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book_list, many=True).data

        return Response({

            'status': 0,

            'message': 'ok',

            'results': book_data

        })

#urls.py

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^books/', views.Books.as_view()),

]

校验

# objectjson.py

class BookJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.Book

        fields = '__all__'

        #单个字段校验

    name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, max_length=5, error_messages=

    {

        'min_length': '太短了', 'max_length': '太长了'

    })

    # 局部钩子

    def validate_name(self, value):

        from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError

        book_object = models.Book.objects.filter(name=value)

        if book_object:

            raise ValidationError('书名已经存在')

        if 'sb' in value:

            raise ValidationError('不能出现敏感词汇')

        return value

# views.py

class Books(APIView):

    def post(self, request):

        book = request.data

        book_json = objectjson.BookJson(data=book)  # 必须明确data

        if book_json.is_valid():

            book_json.save()

            return Response({

                'status': 0,

                'message': 'ok',

                'results': book_json.data

            })

        return Response({

            'status': 1,

            'msg': book_json.errors

        })

全局钩子

# 全局钩子校验

def validate(self, attrs):

    from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError

    pwd = attrs.get('pwd')

    re_pwd = attrs.get('re_pwd')

    if pwd == re_pwd:

        return attrs

    else:

        raise ValidationError('密码校验失败')

了解

数据删改查

# views.py

class Book(APIView):

    def get(self, request, id):

        book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()

        book_data = objson.BookJson(book).data

        return Response({

            'status': 0,

            'msg': 'ok',

            'results': book_data

        })

    def put(self, request, id):

        book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()

        book_json = objson.BookJson(data=request.data, instance=book)  # 通过instance标识修改的对象

        if book_json.is_valid():

            book_json.save()  # 同样用save更新到数据库

            return Response({

                'status': 0,

                'msg': 'ok',

                'results': book_json.data

            })

        return Response({

            'status': 1,

            'msg': book_json.errors,

        })

    def delete(self,request,id):

        models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()  # 删除操作直接用ORM操作数据库

        return Response({

            'status': 2,

            'msg': 'delete success',

        })

基于ORM操作增删改

class Books(APIView):

  #获取所有书籍

    def get(self, request):

        book_list = models.Book.objects.all()

        book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book_list, many=True).data

        return Response({

            'status': 0,

            'message': 'ok',

            'results': book_data

        })

        #增加书籍

    def post(self, request):

        name = request.data.get('name')

        price = request.data.get('price')

        author = request.data.get('author')

        book_object = models.Book.objects.create(name=name, price=price)

        book_object.author.add(*author)

        book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book_object).data

        return Response({

            'status': 0,

            'message': 'ok',

            'results': book_data

        })

class Book(APIView):

  #获取一本书籍

    def get(self, request, id):

        book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()

        book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book).data

        return Response({

            'status': 0,

            'message': 'ok',

            'results': book_data

        })

        #修改书籍

    def put(self, request, id):

        book_object = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # type:models.Book

        name = request.data.get('name')

        price = request.data.get('price')

        author = request.data.get('author')

        book_object.name = name

        book_object.price = price

        book_object.author = author

        book_object.save()

        book_data = objectjson.BookJson(book_object).data

        return Response({

            'status': 0,

            'message': 'ok',

            'results': book_data

        })

        #删除书籍

    def delete(self, request, id):

        models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()

        return Response({

            'status': 0,

            'message': 'ok',

            'results': 'delete success'

        })

Django跨域问题

什么是跨域

'''

通常情况下，A网站访问B服务器资源时，不满足以下三个条件其一就是跨域访问

1.协议不同

2.端口不同

3.主机不同

'''

Django解决跨域

'''

安装django-cors-headers模块

在settings.py中配置

# 注册app

INSTALLED_APPS =[

    ...

    'corsheaders'

]

#添加中间件

MIDDLEWARE = [

    ...

    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware'

]

#允许跨域源

CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True

'''

认证组件

# views.py

class Auth:

      def authenticate(self,request):

          #完全具备认证功能

        pass

class Book(APIView):

      authentication_classes = [Auth,]

认证源码流程

"""

1.views.Books.as_view()2.view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)  分发给dispatch

3.def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):  

4.

request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs) 封装request

self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)  三大认证

5.self.perform_authentication(request) 转向Request类的user

6.request.py的Request的user  self._authenticate()

7.self.authenticators  self是drf的request对象

8.drf的request对象的init方法 authenticators是初始化参数

9.在哪初始化的： request = def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs)

10.self.get_authenticators() 需要 self.authentication_classes

11.self代表APIView类或子类对象，在自定义Books(APIView)中提供

"""

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