java中CyclicBarrier的使用
2024-08-26 12:34:11
java中CyclicBarrier的使用
CyclicBarrier是java 5中引入的线程安全的组件。它有一个barrier的概念，主要用来等待所有的线程都执行完毕，然后再去执行特定的操作。
假如我们有很多个线程，每个线程都计算出了一些数据，然后我们需要等待所有的线程都执行完毕，再把各个线程计算出来的数据加起来，的到最终的结果，那么我们就可以使用CyclicBarrier。
CyclicBarrier的方法
我们先看下CyclicBarrier的构造函数：
public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {
if (parties <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.parties = parties;
this.count = parties;
this.barrierCommand = barrierAction;
}
public CyclicBarrier(int parties) {
this(parties, null);
}
CyclicBarrier有两个构造函数，第一个只接受一个参数，表示需要统一行动的线程个数。第二个参数叫做barrierAction，表示出发barrier是需要执行的方法。
其中barrierAction是一个Runnable，我们可以在其中定义最后需要执行的工作。
再看下重要await方法：
public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
try {
return dowait(false, 0L);
} catch (TimeoutException toe) {
throw new Error(toe); // cannot happen
}
}
public int await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException,
BrokenBarrierException,
TimeoutException {
return dowait(true, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}
await也有两个方法，一个是带时间参数的，一个是不带时间参数的。
await本质上调用了lock.newCondition().await()方法。
因为有多个parties，下面我们考虑两种情况。
- 该线程不是最后一个调用await的线程
在这种情况下，该线程将会进入等待状态，直到下面的情况发送：
- 最后一个线程调用await（）
- 其他线程中断了当前线程
- 其他线程中断了其他正在等待的线程
- 其他线程在等待barrier的时候超时
- 其他线程在该barrier上调用的reset（）方法
如果该线程在调用await（）的时候已经设置了interrupted的状态，或者在等待的时候被interrupted，那么将会抛出InterruptedException异常，并清除中断状态。（这里和Thread的interrupt()方法保持一致）
如果任何线程正在等待状态中，这时候barrier被重置。或者在线程调用await方法或者正在等待中，barrier被broken，那么将会抛出BrokenBarrierException。
如果任何线程在等待的时候被中断，那么所有其他等待的线程将会抛出BrokenBarrierException，barrier将会被置为broken状态。
- 如果该线程是最后一个调用await方法的
在这种情况，如果barrierAction不为空，那么该线程将会在其他线程继续执行前调用这个barrierAction。
如果该操作抛出异常，那么barrier的状态将会被置为broken状态。
再看看这个reset() 方法：
public void reset() {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
breakBarrier(); // break the current generation
nextGeneration(); // start a new generation
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
该方法将会将barrier置为broken状态，并且开启一个新的generation，来进行下一轮的操作。
CyclicBarrier的使用
我们在子线程中生成一个随机的整数队列，当所有的线程都生成完毕之后，我们再将生成的整数全都加起来。看下怎么实现。
定义生成整数队列的子线程：
public class CyclicBarrierUsage implements Runnable {
private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;
private List<List<Integer>> partialResults;
private Random random = new Random();
public CyclicBarrierUsage(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier,List<List<Integer>> partialResults){
this.cyclicBarrier=cyclicBarrier;
this.partialResults=partialResults;
}
@Override
public void run() {
String thisThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
List<Integer> partialResult = new ArrayList<>();
// Crunch some numbers and store the partial result
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Integer num = random.nextInt(10);
System.out.println(thisThreadName
+ ": Crunching some numbers! Final result - " + num);
partialResult.add(num);
}
partialResults.add(partialResult);
try {
System.out.println(thisThreadName
+ " waiting for others to reach barrier.");
cyclicBarrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// ...
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
// ...
}
}
}
上面的子线程接收外部传入的cyclicBarrier和保存数据的partialResults，并在运行完毕调用cyclicBarrier.await()来等待其他线程执行完毕。
看下CyclicBarrier的构建：
CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier=new CyclicBarrier(5,()->{
String thisThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(
thisThreadName + ": Computing sum of 5 workers, having 10 results each.");
int sum = 0;
for (List<Integer> threadResult : partialResults) {
System.out.print("Adding ");
for (Integer partialResult : threadResult) {
System.out.print(partialResult+" ");
sum += partialResult;
}
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println(thisThreadName + ": Final result = " + sum);
});
在CyclicBarrier中，我们定义了一个BarrierAction来做最后数据的汇总处理。
运行：
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
Thread worker = new Thread(new CyclicBarrierUsage(cyclicBarrier,partialResults));
worker.setName("Thread " + i);
worker.start();
}
输出结果如下：
Spawning 5 worker threads to compute 10 partial results each
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 5
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 3
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 1
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 7
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 8
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 4
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 6
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 9
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 3
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 1
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 0
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 9
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 3
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 7
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 2
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 6
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 6
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 5
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 0
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 1
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 5
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 1
Thread 0: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 7
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 8
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 2
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 4
Thread 0 waiting for others to reach barrier.
Thread 2: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 0
Thread 2 waiting for others to reach barrier.
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 7
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 6
Thread 1: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 9
Thread 1 waiting for others to reach barrier.
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 9
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 3
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 8
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 8
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 1
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 8
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 0
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 5
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 9
Thread 3: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 1
Thread 3 waiting for others to reach barrier.
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 2
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 2
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 5
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 5
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 3
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 7
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 4
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 8
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 4
Thread 4: Crunching some numbers! Final result - 3
Thread 4 waiting for others to reach barrier.
Thread 4: Computing sum of 5 workers, having 10 results each.
Adding 5 3 7 4 6 9 0 2 0 7
Adding 1 9 7 6 5 1 1 8 4 0
Adding 1 8 3 3 6 5 2 7 6 9
Adding 9 3 8 8 1 8 0 5 9 1
Adding 2 2 5 5 3 7 4 8 4 3
Thread 4: Final result = 230
Process finished with exit code 0
本文的例子可以参考https://github.com/ddean2009/learn-java-concurrency/tree/master/CyclicBarrier
更多教程请参考 flydean的博客
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