Python3-Django-1.开发环境搭建

官网

　　https://www.djangoproject.com/

安装

　　http://www.runoob.com/django/django-install.html

创建项目

　　方式一(命令行): django-admin statrproject ProjectName

　　方式二(PyCharm): File -> New Project -> Django -> 选择项目路径 -> Create

创建APP

　　python manage.py startapp app01

Django URL

　　静态路由:

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views      # 1.导入views模块

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^hello-world/$', views.hello_world),   # 2.配置静态路由,指向views中定义的函数

]

　　动态路由:

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views      # 1.导入views模块

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^hello-to/(\w+)$', views.hello_to),    # 2.配置动态路由,指向views中的函数

]

# 页面访问: http://localhost:8888/hello-to/jack

# 页面响应: Hello,jack !

# 页面访问: http://localhost:8888/hello-to/jet

# 页面响应: Hello,jet !

命名参数:

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views      # 1.导入views模块

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^hello-girl/(?P<girl_name>\w+)$', views.hello_girl),    # 2.hello_girl函数的参数名字,必须是自定义的girl_name

]

# views.py 中的函数

def hello_girl(request, girl_name):

    """

    第一个参数必须是request

    第二个参数是传递的girl_name

    :param request:

    :param girl_name:

    :return:

    """

    return HttpResponse("Hey,Hey,Hey,%s !" % girl_name)

额外参数:

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views      # 1.导入views模块

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^hello-extra/(\w+)$', views.hello_extra, {"extra_arg1": "bra1", "extra_arg2": "bra2"}),    # 2.

]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# views.py中的函数,额外的参数名称必须保持一致,且要放在最后

def hello_extra(request, arg, extra_arg1, extra_arg2):

    return HttpResponse("Wow,%s %s %s!" % (arg, extra_arg1, extra_arg2))

　　二级路由:

from django.conf.urls import url, include    # 1.导入include

from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^app01/', include("app01.urls")),    # 2.指向其他的urls文件

]

Django Views

　　1.返回一个字符串

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

def return_str(request):

    return HttpResponse("Hello!")

　　2.返回一个html文档

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

def return_html(request):

    return render(request, "index.html")

Django Models

　　1.配置数据库 settings.py

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

        'NAME': 'muscle',

        'HOST': '172.16.110.211',

        'PORT': '',

        'USER': 'root',

        'PASSWORD': '******',

    }

}

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------#

# 注意,Python3 django使用pymysql连接需要在__init__.py中添加:

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

MySQL

　　2.编写ORM实体类 models.py

from django.db import models

class Publisher(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

    address = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    city = models.CharField(max_length=60)

    state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30)

    country = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    website = models.URLField()

class Author(models.Model):

    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=40)

    email = models.EmailField()

class Book(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)

    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)

    publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)

    publication_date = models.DateField()

　　3.安装模型 settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'app01',                # 加入app的名称

]

　　4.按照模型配置,生成表结构

　　　　python manage.py makemigrations　　# 生成模型的配置文件

　　　　python manage.py migrate　　　　　　# 根据配置文件创建表结构

基本的增删改查

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def insert_data(request):

    pub = models.Publisher.objects.create(name="北大出版社", address="北京市海淀区", city="海淀区", state_province="北京", country="中国", website="www.peking.com")

    return HttpResponse("添加成功")

def delete_data(request, pub_id):

    models.Publisher.objects.filter(id=pub_id).delete()

    return HttpResponse("删除成功")

def update_data(request):

    models.Publisher.objects.filter(name='北大出版社').update(name="北京大学出版社")

    return HttpResponse("修改成功")

def select_data(request):

    query_set = models.Publisher.objects.all()

    # models.Publisher.objects.filter(name="北大出版社")

    # models.Publisher.objects.filter(name="北大出版社").first()

    # models.Publisher.objects.filter(name__contains="出")

    # models.Publisher.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 100])

    result_str = ""

    for line in query_set:

        result_str += line.name

        result_str += "<br/>"

    return HttpResponse(result_str)

启动服务

　　python manage.py runserver localhost:8888

巴特西

Python3-Django-1.开发环境搭建

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