MySQL存储过程02
2024-09-05 02:21:16
这次接着说MySQL存储过程:
我们先看它的多分支控制结构case:
case的语句很简单:
case 变量名
when 条件1 then 输出结果1;
when 条件2 then 输出结果2;
......
end case;
那我们就来建立一个存储过程实现它:
create procedure p10()
begin
declare pos int default 0;
set pos:= floor(5*rand());
case pos
when 1 then select'我会飞';
when 2 then select'我掉到海里';
when 3 then select'我在小岛';
else select'我不知道我在哪';
end case;
end$
由于我们设置的是随机数,所以它会根据我们生成的数来输出结果
接着看一下repeat循环:
repeat的语法:
repeat
sql statement;
sql statement;
...
until condition end repeat;
create procedure p11()
begin
declare total int default 0;
declare i int default 0;
repeat
set i:=i+1;
set total:=total+i;
until i>=100
end repeat;
select total;
end$
游标:
一条sql,对应N条资源,取出资源的接口/句柄,就是游标
沿着游标,可以一次取出一行。
建立游标的语法:
declare 游标名 cursor for sql语句;
open 游标名
fetch 游标名 into 变量1,变量2,...变量N;
close 游标名
create procedure p12()
begin
declare row_gid int;
declare row_name varchar(20);
declare row_num int;
declare getgoods cursor for select gid,num,name from goods;
open getgoods;
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
select row_num,row_name;
close getgoods;
end$
那么我们看到这个输出结果没有什么特别的地方,那么如果我们把游标改一改?
create procedure p13()
begin
declare row_gid int;
declare row_name varchar(20);
declare row_num int;
declare getgoods cursor for select gid,num,name from goods;
open getgoods;
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
select row_num,row_name;
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
select row_num,row_name;
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
select row_num,row_name;
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
select row_num,row_name;
close getgoods;
end$
我们看到在输出了三行之后报错,那么我们可以把循环和游标结合起来:
create procedure p14()
begin
declare row_gid int;
declare row_name varchar(20);
declare row_num int;
declare cnt int default 0; #声明一个变量用来计数
declare i int default 0;
declare getgoods cursor for select gid,num,name from goods;
select count(*) into cnt from goods; #将总行数赋给cnt
open getgoods;
repeat
set i:=i+1;
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
select row_num,row_name;
until i>=cnt end repeat;
close getgoods;
end$
其实游标在越界时我们可以用declare continue handler 来操作一个越界标志
declare continue handler for NOT FOUND 可执行语句;
create procedure p15()
begin
declare row_gid int;
declare row_name varchar(20);
declare row_num int;
declare you int default 1;
declare getgoods cursor for select gid,num,name from goods;
declare continue handler for NOT FOUND set you:=0;
open getgoods;
repeat
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
select row_num,row_name;
until you=0 end repeat;
close getgoods;
end$
在上面的结果中我们发现最后一行被取了两次,这是为什么?
答:因为我们声明的是continue型handler,那么它在把you 这个变量改为0后还会接着执行后面的sql语句,我们把continue改为exit就不会出现这种情况了:
create procedure p15()
begin
declare row_gid int default 0;
declare row_num int default 0;
declare row_name varchar(20);
declare you int default 1;
declare getgoods cursor for select gid,num,name from goods;
declare exit handler for NOT FOUND set you:=0;
open getgoods;
repeat
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
select row_name,row_num;
until you=0 end repeat;
close getgoods;
end$
那么其实我们还有另一种方法来修改:我们使逻辑上更加通顺
create procedure p17()
begin
declare row_gid int;
declare row_num int;
declare row_name varchar(20);
declare you int default 1;
declare getgoods cursor for select gid,num,name from goods;
declare continue handler for NOT FOUND set you:=0;
open getgoods;
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
repeat
select row_name,row_num;
fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
until you=0 end repeat;
close getgoods;
end$
或者是将repeat改为while循环,在这里我就不列举了。
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