【Kubernetes学习之二】Kubernetes集群安装
2024-09-03 06:25:10
环境
centos 7
Kubernetes有三种安装方式：yum、二进制、kubeadm，这里演示kubeadm。
一、准备工作
1、软件版本
| 软件 | 版本 |
| kubernetes | v1.15.3 |
| CentOS7.6 | CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810(Core) |
| Docker | docker-ce-19.03.1-3.el7.x86_64 |
| flannel | 0.11.0 |
2、集群拓扑
| IP | 角色 | 主机名 |
| 192.168.118.106 | master | node106 k8s-master |
| 192.168.118.107 | node01 | node107 k8s-node01 |
| 192.168.118.108 | node02 | node108 k8s-node02 |
节点及网络规划如下：
3、系统设置
3.1 配置主机名-/etc/hosts
192.168.118.106 node106 k8s-master
192.168.118.107 node107 k8s-node01
192.168.118.108 node108 k8s-node02
3.2 关闭防火墙
[root@node106 ~]# yum install -y net-tools
#关闭防火墙
[root@node106 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
#禁用防火墙
[root@node106 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
3.3 文件权限相关-关闭SELinux
目的是允许容器访问主机文件系统。
[root@node106 ~]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@node106 ~]# setenforce
3.4 关闭swap
kubernetes的想法是将实例紧密包装到尽可能接近100％，所有的部署应该与CPU/内存限制固定在一起，所以如果调度程序发送一个pod到一台机器，它不应该使用交换。
设计者不想交换，因为它会减慢速度,所以关闭swap主要是为了性能考虑。当然为了一些节省资源的场景，比如运行容器数量较多，可添加kubelet参数 --fail-swap-on=false来解决
[root@node106 ~]# swapoff -a
[root@node106 ~]# sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
3.5 配置转发参数
RHEL/CentOS7上由于iptables被绕过而导致流量路由不正确的问题，需要将net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables在sysctl配置中设置为1。
确保br_netfilter在此步骤之前加载了模块。这可以通过运行来完成lsmod | grep br_netfilter。要加载它显式调用modprobe br_netfilter。
(1)首先查看是否加载了模块br_netfilter
[root@node106 ~]# lsmod | grep br_netfilter
br_netfilter
bridge br_netfilter
(2)如果未加载，进行加载
[root@node106 ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
(3)配置net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables
[root@node106 ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables =
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables =
> EOF
[root@node106 ~]# sysctl --system
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/-system.conf ...
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables =
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables =
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables =
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/-default-yama-scope.conf ...
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope =
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/-default.conf ...
kernel.sysrq =
kernel.core_uses_pid =
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter =
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter =
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route =
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route =
net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries =
net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries =
fs.protected_hardlinks =
fs.protected_symlinks =
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/-sysctl.conf ...
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf ...
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables =
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables =
* Applying /etc/sysctl.conf ...
4、docker安装
(1)设置docker源。
[root@node106 ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@node106 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#禁用docker-ce-edge开发版本 不稳定
[root@node106 ~]# yum-config-manager --disable docker-ce-edge
[root@node106 ~]# yum makecache fast
(2)查看目前官方仓库的docker版本
[root@node106 yum.repos.d]# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates |sort -r
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
docker-ce.x86_64 :19.03.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :19.03.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.09.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.09.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.09.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.09.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.09.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.09.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.09.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.09.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 :18.09.-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06..ce-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06..ce-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06..ce-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06..ce-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.03..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.03..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.12..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.12..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.09..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.09..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03..ce-.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03..ce-.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Packages
(3)安装docker
[root@node106 ~]# yum install docker-ce-19.03.-.el7 -y
(4)配置国内镜像仓库加速器
[root@node106 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker
[root@node106 ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://qr09dqf9.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
(5)启动docker
[root@node106 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node106 ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@node106 ~]# systemctl start docker
验证：
[root@node106 ~]# docker -v
Docker version 19.03., build 74b1e89
5、安装kubernetes相关组件
5.1设置国内kubernetes阿里云源。
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=
gpgcheck=
repo_gpgcheck=
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
#增量更新缓存
[root@node106 ~]# yum makecache fast -y
#查看kubectl kubelet kubeadm列表
[root@node106 ~]# yum list kubectl kubelet kubeadm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Packages
kubeadm.x86_64 1.15.- kubernetes
kubectl.x86_64 1.15.- kubernetes
kubelet.x86_64 1.15.-
#安装
[root@node106 ~]# yum install -y kubectl kubelet kubeadm
开启kubelet服务
[root@node106 ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
6、加载IPVS内核
ipvs (IP Virtual Server) 实现了传输层负载均衡，也就是我们常说的4层LAN交换，作为 Linux 内核的一部分。ipvs运行在主机上，在真实服务器集群前充当负载均衡器。ipvs可以将基于TCP和UDP的服务请求转发到真实服务器上，并使真实服务器的服务在单个 IP 地址上显示为虚拟服务。pod的负载均衡是用kube-proxy来实现的，实现方式有两种，一种是默认的iptables，一种是ipvs，ipvs比iptable的性能更好而已。
(1)加载ipvs内核，使node节点kube-proxy支持ipvs代理规则。
#检查有没有开启
[root@node106 ~]# cut -f1 -d " " /proc/modules | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs
nf_conntrack_ipv4 #如果没有开启 使用如下命令开启：
modprobe ip_vs
modprobe ip_vs_rr
modprobe ip_vs_wrr
modprobe ip_vs_sh
modprobe nf_conntrack_ipv4
(2)添加到开机启动文件/etc/rc.local里面
cat <<EOF >> /etc/rc.local
modprobe ip_vs
modprobe ip_vs_rr
modprobe ip_vs_wrr
modprobe ip_vs_sh
modprobe nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
(3)ipvs还需要ipset
[root@node106 ~]# yum install ipset ipvsadm -y
参考：
k8s集群中ipvs负载详解
如何在kubernetes中启用ipvs
二、安装master节点
1、初始化master节点
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.15.3
1)初始化遇到的问题
第一次init:
[root@node106 ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.15.3
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.15.3
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.. Latest validated version: 18.09
[WARNING Service-Kubelet]: kubelet service is not enabled, please run 'systemctl enable kubelet.service'
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
[ERROR NumCPU]: the number of available CPUs is less than the required
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
分析：
警告1：[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd".
警告2：[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.1. Latest validated version: 18.09
版本警告
警告3：[WARNING Service-Kubelet]: kubelet service is not enabled, please run 'systemctl enable kubelet.service'
解决：[root@node106 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet.service
错误1：[ERROR NumCPU]：设置虚拟机CPU核心数>1个即可
第二次init：
[root@node106 ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.15.3
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.15.3
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.. Latest validated version: 18.09
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.3: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.3: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.3: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.3: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
[root@node106 ~]#
分析：
错误1：[ERROR ImagePull] 拉取Image失败，因为连接的是google服务器,可以根据报错中版本号使用docker拉取或者通过kubeadm config images list查看需要下载的版本
[root@node106 ~]# kubeadm config images list
W0906 ::52.841583 version.go:] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt": Get https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
W0906 ::52.841780 version.go:] falling back to the local client version: v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.3
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.
[root@node106 ~]#
(2)准备镜像
mirrorgooglecontainers 在 docker hub 同步了所有 k8s 最新的镜像，先从这儿下载，然后修改 tag 即可。
#拉镜像
[root@node106 ~]# kubeadm config images list |sed -e 's/^/docker pull /g' -e 's#k8s.gcr.io#mirrorgooglecontainers#g' |sh -x && docker pull coredns/coredns:1.3.
#修改tag，将镜像标记为k8s.gcr.io的名称
[root@node106 ~]# docker images |grep mirrorgooglecontainers |awk '{print "docker tag ",$1":"$2,$1":"$2}' |sed -e 's#mirrorgooglecontainers#k8s.gcr.io#2' |sh -x && docker tag coredns/coredns:1.3. k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.
#删除无用的镜像
[root@node106 ~]# docker images | grep mirrorgooglecontainers | awk '{print "docker rmi " $1":"$2}' | sh -x && docker rmi coredns/coredns:1.3.
最终:
[root@node106 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.15.3 232b5c793146 weeks ago .4MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.15.3 5eb2d3fc7a44 weeks ago 207MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager v1.15.3 e77c31de5547 weeks ago 159MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler v1.15.3 703f9c69a5d5 weeks ago .1MB
k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.3. eb516548c180 months ago .3MB
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.3. 2c4adeb21b4f months ago 258MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca1 months ago 742kB
[root@node106 ~]#
(3)初始化
因为后面要安装网络插件flannel ，所有这里要添加参数， --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16，10.244.0.0/16是flannel插件固定使用的ip段，它的值取决于你准备安装哪个网络插件
[root@node106 ~]# kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --kubernetes-version=1.15.3
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.15.3
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.. Latest validated version: 18.09
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [node106 localhost] and IPs [192.168.118.106 127.0.0.1 ::]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [node106 localhost] and IPs [192.168.118.106 127.0.0.1 ::]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [node106 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.118.106]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 20.007081 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.15" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node node106 as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node node106 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: unqj7v.wr7yvcj8i7wan93g
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully! To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: kubeadm join 192.168.118.106:6443 --token unqj7v.wr7yvcj8i7wan93g \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:011f55be71445e7031ac7a582afc7a4350cdf6d8ae8bef790d2517634d93f337
后续操作：
[root@node106 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@node106 ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@node106 ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubectl命令默认从$HOME/.kube/config这个位置读取配置，不做这个操作，使用kubectl会报错。
2、给pod配置网络
Flannel是 CoreOS 团队针对 Kubernetes 设计的一个覆盖网络（Overlay Network）工具，其目的在于帮助每一个使用 Kuberentes 的 CoreOS 主机拥有一个完整的子网。
Flannel通过给每台宿主机分配一个子网的方式为容器提供虚拟网络，它基于Linux TUN/TAP，使用UDP封装IP包来创建overlay网络，并借助etcd维护网络的分配情况。
#下载Flannel插件配置
[root@node106 ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[root@node106 ~]# ll
total
-rw-------. root root Aug : anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- root root Sep : kube-flannel.yml
#kube安装kube-flannel.yml
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
podsecuritypolicy.policy/psp.flannel.unprivileged created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-amd64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-s390x created
#查看Master状态
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-5c98db65d4-dwjfs / Running 3h57m
kube-system coredns-5c98db65d4-xxdr2 / Running 3h57m
kube-system etcd-node106 / Running 3h56m
kube-system kube-apiserver-node106 / Running 3h56m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-node106 / Running 3h56m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-srdxz / Running 2m32s
kube-system kube-proxy-8mxmm / Running 3h57m
kube-system kube-scheduler-node106 / Running 3h56m
不是running状态，就说明出错了，通过以下操作来来排错：
查看描述：
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl describe pod kube-scheduler-node106 -n kube-system
查看日志：
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl logs kube-scheduler-node106 -n kube-system
参考：Flannel安装部署
三、安装node节点
1、下载需要的镜像
node107和node108节点只需要安装kube-proxy和pause镜像
[root@node107 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.15.3 232b5c793146 weeks ago .4MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca1 months ago 742kB
2、添加节点
在master上初始化节点成功时，最后有一个kubeadm join，就是用来添加节点的
在node107和node108上操作:
[root@node107 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.118.106:6443 --token unqj7v.wr7yvcj8i7wan93g \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:011f55be71445e7031ac7a582afc7a4350cdf6d8ae8bef790d2517634d93f337
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.. Latest validated version: 18.09
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.15" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap... This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details. Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
提示：如果执行join命令时提示token过期，按照提示在Master 上执行kubeadm token create生成一个新的token。如果忘记token，可以使用kubeadm token list查看。
四、验证集群
1、节点状态
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
node106 Ready master 4h53m v1.15.3
node107 Ready <none> 101s v1.15.3
node108 Ready <none> 82s v1.15.3
2、组件状态
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd- Healthy {"health":"true"}
3、服务账户
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl get serviceaccount
NAME SECRETS AGE
default 5h1m
4、集群信息
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.118.106:6443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.118.106:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
5、验证dns功能
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl run curl --image=radial/busyboxplus:curl -it
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
[ root@curl-6bf6db5c4f-dn65h:/ ]$ nslookup kubernetes.default
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address : 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local Name: kubernetes.default
Address : 10.96.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
五、案例验证
创建一个nginx的service试一下集群是否可用。
(1)创建并运行deployment
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl run nginx --replicas= --labels="run=load-balancer-example" --image=nginx --port=
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx created
(2)把服务通过nodeport的形式暴露出来
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --type=NodePort --name=example-service
service/example-service exposed
#查看服务的详细信息
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --type=NodePort --name=example-service
service/example-service exposed
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl describe service example-service
Name: example-service
Namespace: default
Labels: run=load-balancer-example
Annotations: <none>
Selector: run=load-balancer-example
Type: NodePort
IP: 10.108.73.249
Port: <unset> /TCP
TargetPort: /TCP
NodePort: <unset> /TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.4:,10.244.2.2:
Session Affinity: None
External Traffic Policy: Cluster
Events: <none> #查看服务状态
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl get service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
example-service NodePort 10.108.73.249 <none> :/TCP 91s
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 44h
[root@node106 ~]# #查看pod
应用的配置和当前状态信息保存在 etcd 中，执行 kubectl get pod 时 API Server 会从 etcd 中读取这些数据。
[root@node106 ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
curl-6bf6db5c4f-dn65h / Running 39h
nginx-5c47ff5dd6-hjxq8 / Running 3m10s
nginx-5c47ff5dd6-qj9k2 / Running 3m10s
(3)访问服务IP
[root@node106 ~]# curl 10.108.73.249:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
访问endpoint，与访问服务ip结果相同。这些IP只能在 Kubernetes Cluster中的容器和节点访问。endpoint与service 之间有映射关系。service实际上是负载均衡着后端的endpoint。其原理是通过iptables实现的
[root@node106 ~]# curl 10.244.1.4:
[root@node106 ~]# curl 10.244.2.2:
访问节点ip，与访问集群ip相同,可以在集群外部访问
[root@node106 ~]# curl 192.168.118.107:
[root@node106 ~]# curl 192.168.118.108:
整个部署过程是这样的：
① kubectl 发送部署请求到 API Server。
② API Server 通知 Controller Manager 创建一个 deployment 资源。
③ Scheduler 执行调度任务，将两个副本 Pod 分发到 node01 和 node02。
④ node01 和 node02 上的kubelet 在各自的节点上创建并运行 Pod。
flannel 会为每个 Pod 都分配 IP。
参考：
yum安装Kubernetes
二进制安装Kubernetes
kubeadm安装Kubernetes
手把手教你在CentOS上搭建Kubernetes集群
官网Installing kubeadm
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