LVS入门篇（四）之LVS实战
2024-10-19 08:48:41
一、LVS的NAT模式实战
1、环境说明：
| HOST | OS | role | remask |
| 192.168.56.12 | Centos 7.4 | LVS调度器（1.2.7） | VIP：192.168.0.104 |
| 192.168.56.11 | Centos 7.4 | RS1 | LNMP |
| 192.168.56.13 | Centos 7.4 | RS2 | LNMP |
2、LVS调度器环境配置
（1）增加一块外网网卡eth1
（2）拷贝eth0配置文件为eth1，并修改网卡配置
[root@lb01 ~]# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
[root@lb01 ~]# vim !$
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="static"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NAME="eth1"
DEVICE="eth1"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.0.104
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
DNS2=114.114.114.114
[root@lb01 ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@lb01 ~]# ifconfig eth1
eth1: flags=<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu
inet 192.168.0.104 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe95: prefixlen scopeid 0x20<link>
ether :0c:::: txqueuelen (Ethernet)
RX packets bytes (265.1 KiB)
RX errors dropped overruns frame
TX packets bytes (5.4 KiB)
TX errors dropped overruns carrier collisions
（3）YUM安装ipvsadm，并对ipvsadm规则进行配置
1、开启调度器上的路由转发功能
[root@lb01 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 2、关闭ICMP重定向
[root@lb01 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/send_redirects
[root@lb01 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/default/send_redirects
[root@lb01 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/send_redirects
[root@lb01 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/send_redirects 3、配置防火墙的NAT规则
[root@lb01 ~]# iptables -t nat -F
[root@lb01 ~]# iptables -t nat -X
[root@lb01 ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.56.0/ -j MASQUERADE 4、配置ipvsadm并查看调度器状态信息
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -C
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.0.104: -s rr
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.0.104: -r 192.168.56.11: -m -w
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.0.104: -r 192.168.56.13: -m -w
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2. (size=)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.0.104: rr
-> 192.168.56.11: Masq
-> 192.168.56.13: Masq
参数说明：
-A：表示增加一个虚拟服务
-a：表示增加一个real server
-t：表示TCP服务
-r：指定real server的ip地址
-s：指定调度算法
-m：选择NAT方式调度
-w：指定权重
（3）修改real server：RS1和RS2的网关
[root@rs1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
GATEWAY=192.168.56.12
[root@rs2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
GATEWAY=192.168.56.12
（4）测试访问
[root@lb01 ~]# curl 192.168.0.104
<h1>welcome to RS1 192.168.56.11</h1>
[root@lb01 ~]# curl 192.168.0.104
<h1> welcome to use RS2 192.168.56.13</h1>
[root@lb01 ~]# watch -n ipvsadm -L -n #动态查看访问记录
Every .0s: ipvsadm -L -n Tue Jul :: IP Virtual Server version 1.2. (size=)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.0.104: rr
-> 192.168.56.11: Masq
-> 192.168.56.13: Masq
二、LVS的DR模式实战
1、环境准备和说明
| HOST | OS | ROLE | REMASK |
| 192.168.56.12 | Centos 7.4 | LVS调度器 | VIP：192.168.56.200 |
| 192.168.56.11 | Centos 7.4 | RS1 | LNMP |
| 192.168.56.13 | Centos 7.4 | RS2 | LNMP |
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -ln #查看NAT模式下的ipvsadm规则
IP Virtual Server version 1.2. (size=)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.0.104: rr
-> 192.168.56.11: Masq
-> 192.168.56.13: Masq
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -C #清空NAT模式下的规则
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -ln #确认规则是否清空
IP Virtual Server version 1.2. (size=)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
[root@lb01 ~]# iptables -t nat -F #情况防火墙的nat表规则
[root@rs1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 #修改rs1网卡网关
GATEWAY=192.168.56.2
[root@rs2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 #修改rs2网卡网关
GATEWAY=192.168.56.2
[root@rs1 ~]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务
[root@rs2 ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@lb01 ~]# ifdown eth1 #DR模式调度器用不到eth1网卡，down掉
Device 'eth1' successfully disconnected.
2、在LVS调度节点上配置vip
[root@lb01 ~]# ifconfig eth0: 192.168.56.200/ up
[root@lb01 ~]# ifconfig eth0:
eth0:: flags=<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu
inet 192.168.56.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255
ether :0c:::: txqueuelen (Ethernet)
3、在lvs调度节点上配置LVS服务并增加2台节点服务器
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -C #清空LVS配置
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm --set 60 #设置连接超时时间
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.56.200: -s rr -p 20 #新增lvs服务
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.56.200: -r 192.168.56.11 -g -w
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.56.200: -r 192.168.56.13 -g -w
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2. (size=)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.56.200: rr persistent
-> 192.168.56.11: Route
-> 192.168.56.13: Route
4、在RS节点上的lo（网卡的回环接口）接口上配置vip（192.168.56.200）
[root@rs1 ~]# ifconfig lo: 192.168.56.200/ up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig lo:
lo:: flags=<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu
inet 192.168.56.200 netmask 0.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen (Local Loopback)
[root@rs2 ~]# ifconfig lo: 192.168.56.200/ up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig lo:
lo:: flags=<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu
inet 192.168.56.200 netmask 0.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen (Local Loopback)
5、在RS节点上抑制ARP响应 （RS1和RS2上分别执行）
[root@rs1 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
[root@rs1 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
[root@rs1 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
[root@rs1 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce [root@rs2 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
[root@rs2 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
[root@rs2 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
[root@rs2 ~]# echo > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
6、测试LVS调度
访问：http://192.168.56.200 ，如图：
[root@lb01 ~]# watch -n ipvsadm -L -n #查看访问状态
Every .0s: ipvsadm -L -n Tue Jul :: IP Virtual Server version 1.2. (size=)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.56.200: rr persistent
-> 192.168.56.11: Route
-> 192.168.56.13: Route
7、删除节点和服务
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -d -t 192.168.56.200: -r 192.168.56.13 #删除RS2节点
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln #查看是否已删除RS2
IP Virtual Server version 1.2. (size=)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.56.200: rr persistent
-> 192.168.56.11: Route
[root@lb01 ~]# ipvsadm -D -t 192.168.56.200: #直接删除LVS服务
8、LVS脚本配置（设置为开机启动，确保长期生效）
（1）Server端脚本
[root@lb01 ~]# vim /scripts/ipvs_server.sh
#!/bin/sh
. /etc/init.d/functions
VIP=192.168.56.200
PORT=
RIP=(
192.168.56.11
192.168.56.13
)
start(){
ifconfig eth0: $VIP/ up
route add -host $VIP dev eth0
ipvsadm -C
ipvsadm --set
ipvsadm -A -t $VIP:$PORT -s rr -p
for ((i=;i<${#RIP[*]};i++))
do
ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:$PORT -r ${RIP[$i]} -g -w
done
echo "ipvs is started"
}
stop(){
ipvsadm -C
ifconfig eth0: down
route del -host $VIP dev eth0
echo "ipvs is stopped"
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
*)
echo "UASGE: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
esac
[root@lb01 ~]# cp /scripts/ipvs_server.sh /usr/local/sbin/ipvs
[root@lb01 ~]# cd /usr/local/sbin/
[root@lb01 ~]# chmod +x ipvs
（2）Client端脚本
[root@rs1 ~]# vi /scripts/ipvs_client.sh
#!/bin/sh
. /etc/init.d/functions
VIP=(
192.168.56.200
) case "$1" in
start)
echo "start LVS of RealServer IP"
for ((i=;i<`echo ${#VIP[*]}`;i++))
do
interface="lo:`echo ${VIP[$i]}|awk -F . '{print $4}'`"
/sbin/ifconfig $interface ${VIP[$i]} broadcast ${VIP[$i]} netmask 255.255.255.255 up
route add -host ${VIP[$i]} dev $interface
done
echo "" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
stop)
for ((i=;i<`echo ${#VIP[*]}`;i++))
do
interface="lo:`echo ${VIP[$i]}|awk -F . '{print $4}'`"
/sbin/ifconfig $interface ${VIP[$i]} broadcast ${VIP[$i]} netmask 255.255.255.255 down
route del -host ${VIP[$i]} dev $interface
done
echo "stOP LVS of RealServer IP"
echo "" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start | stop}"
exit
esac
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