mysql> select concat('11','22','33');

+------------------------+

| concat('11','22','33') |

+------------------------+

| 112233 |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL的concat函数在连接字符串的时候，只要其中一个是NULL,那么将返回NULL

mysql> select concat('11','22',null);

+------------------------+

| concat('11','22',null) |

+------------------------+

| NULL   |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select concat_ws(',','11','22','33');

+-------------------------------+

| concat_ws(',','11','22','33') |

+-------------------------------+

| 11,22,33 |

+-------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

和MySQL中concat函数不同的是, concat_ws函数在执行的时候,不会因为NULL值而返回NULL

mysql> select concat_ws(',','11','22',NULL);

+-------------------------------+

| concat_ws(',','11','22',NULL) |

+-------------------------------+

| 11,22 |

+-------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from aa;

+------+------+

| id| name |

+------+------+

|1 | 10|

|1 | 20|

|1 | 20|

|2 | 20|

|3 | 200   |

|3 | 500   |

+------+------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

以id分组，把name字段的值打印在一行，逗号分隔(默认)

mysql> select id,group_concat(name) from aa group by id;

+------+--------------------+

| id| group_concat(name) |

+------+--------------------+

|1 | 10,20,20|

|2 | 20 |

|3 | 200,500|

+------+--------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

以id分组，把name字段的值打印在一行，分号分隔

mysql> select id,group_concat(name separator ';') from aa group by id;

+------+----------------------------------+

| id| group_concat(name separator ';') |

+------+----------------------------------+

|1 | 10;20;20 |

|2 | 20|

|3 | 200;500   |

+------+----------------------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

以id分组，把去冗余的name字段的值打印在一行，

逗号分隔

mysql> select id,group_concat(distinct name) from aa group by id;

+------+-----------------------------+

| id| group_concat(distinct name) |

+------+-----------------------------+

|1 | 10,20|

|2 | 20   |

|3 | 200,500 |

+------+-----------------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

以id分组，把name字段的值打印在一行，逗号分隔，以name排倒序

mysql> select id,group_concat(name order by name desc) from aa group by id;

+------+---------------------------------------+

| id| group_concat(name order by name desc) |

+------+---------------------------------------+

|1 | 20,20,10   |

|2 | 20|

|3 | 500,200|

+------+---------------------------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select repeat('ab',2);

+----------------+

| repeat('ab',2) |

+----------------+

| abab           |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

又如

mysql> select repeat('a',2);

+---------------+

| repeat('a',2) |

+---------------+

| aa            |

+---------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)