• Fragment

* 用途：在一个Activity里切换界面，切换界面时只切换Fragment里面的内容

* 在一个Activity中切换多个界面，每个界面就是一个Fragment
* Fragmnent的内容也是一个View对象

* 生命周期方法跟Activity一致，可以理解把其为就是一个Activity
* fragment切换时会销毁旧的，再创建新的
* 定义布局文件作为Fragment的显示内容

//此方法返回的View就会被显示在Fragment上
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//用布局文件填充成一个View对象，返回出去，那么就显示在Fragment上了
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);
return v; 
}
* 把Fragment显示至指定ViewGroup中

//把fragment显示至界面
//new出fragment对象
Fragment01 fg = new Fragment01();
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
//开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//把fragment对象显示到指定资源id的组件里面
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg);
ft.commit();

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.app.FragmentManager;

import android.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.View;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        showfagment01();

    }

    private void showfagment01() {

        //1.创建fragment对象

        Fragment01 fragment1 = new Fragment01();

        //2.获取fragment管理器

        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();

        //3.开启事务

        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

        //4.显示fragment

        //arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中

        ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment1);

        //5.提交

        ft.commit();

    }

    public void click1(View v){

        showfagment01();

    }

    public void click2(View v){

        //1.创建fragment对象

        Fragment02 fragment2 = new Fragment02();

        //2.获取fragment管理器

        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();

        //3.开启事务

        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

        //4.显示fragment

        //arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中

        ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment2);

        //5.提交

        ft.commit();

    }

    public void click3(View v){

        //1.创建fragment对象

        Fragment03 fragment3 = new Fragment03();

        //2.获取fragment管理器

        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();

        //3.开启事务

        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

        //4.显示fragment

        //arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中

        ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment3);

        //5.提交

        ft.commit();

    }

}

MainActivity

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.app.Fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment01 extends Fragment {

    //系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示

    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,

            Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);

        return v;

    }

}

Fragment01

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.app.Fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment02 extends Fragment {

    //系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示

    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,

            Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment02, null);

        return v;

    }

}

Fragment02

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.app.Fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment03 extends Fragment {

    //系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示

    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,

            Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment03, null);

        return v;

    }

}

Fragment03

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    package="com.itheima.fragment"

    android:versionCode="1"

    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk

        android:minSdkVersion="11"

        android:targetSdkVersion="17" />

    <application

        android:allowBackup="true"

        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"

        android:label="@string/app_name"

        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >

        <activity

            android:name="com.itheima.fragment.MainActivity"

            android:label="@string/app_name" >

            <intent-filter>

                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

            </intent-filter>

        </activity>

    </application>

</manifest>

AndroidManifest

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    tools:context=".MainActivity"

    android:orientation="horizontal"

    >

    <FrameLayout

        android:id="@+id/fl"

        android:layout_weight="1"

        android:layout_width="0dp"

        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        ></FrameLayout>

    <LinearLayout

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        android:orientation="vertical"

        >

        <Button

            android:layout_width="wrap_content"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:text="界面1"

            android:onClick="click1"

            />

        <Button

            android:layout_width="wrap_content"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:text="界面2"

            android:onClick="click2"

            />

        <Button

            android:layout_width="wrap_content"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:text="界面3"

            android:onClick="click3"

            />

        </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

activity_main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical"

    android:background="#00ff00"

    >

    <TextView

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:textSize="30sp"

        android:text="这是plus的帽子的绿色"

        />

</LinearLayout>

fragment01

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical"

    android:background="#ff0000"

    >

    <TextView

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:textSize="30sp"

        android:text="这是热情的红色"

        />

</LinearLayout>

fragment02

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical"

    android:background="#0000ff"

    >

    <TextView

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:textSize="30sp"

        android:text="这是plus戴上帽子的心情的蓝色"

        />

</LinearLayout>

fragment03

  • 生命周期

* fragment切换时旧fragment对象会销毁，新的fragment对象会被创建

  • 低版本兼容

* 在support-v4.jar包中有相关api，也就是说fragment可以在低版本模拟器运行

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;

import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;

import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;

import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.View;

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        showfagment01();

    }

    private void showfagment01() {

        //1.创建fragment对象

        Fragment01 fragment1 = new Fragment01();

        //2.获取fragment管理器

        FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();

        //3.开启事务

        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

        //4.显示fragment

        //arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中

        ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment1);

        //5.提交

        ft.commit();

    }

    public void click1(View v){

        showfagment01();

    }

    public void click2(View v){

        //1.创建fragment对象

        Fragment02 fragment2 = new Fragment02();

        //2.获取fragment管理器

        FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();

        //3.开启事务

        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

        //4.显示fragment

        //arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中

        ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment2);

        //5.提交

        ft.commit();

    }

    public void click3(View v){

        //1.创建fragment对象

        Fragment03 fragment3 = new Fragment03();

        //2.获取fragment管理器

        FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();

        //3.开启事务

        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

        //4.显示fragment

        //arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中

        ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment3);

        //5.提交

        ft.commit();

    }

}
package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment01 extends Fragment {

    //系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示

    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,

            Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);

        return v;

    }

}

Fragment01

  • Fragment和Activity传递数据
package com.itheima.transmit;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.app.FragmentManager;

import android.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.EditText;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private Fragment01 fragment1;

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        showfagment01();

    }

    private void showfagment01() {

        //1.创建fragment对象

        fragment1 = new Fragment01();

        //2.获取fragment管理器

        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();

        //3.开启事务

        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

        //4.显示fragment

        //arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中

        ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment1);

        //5.提交

        ft.commit();

    }

    public void click1(View v){

        showfagment01();

    }

    public void click2(View v){

        //1.创建fragment对象

        Fragment02 fragment2 = new Fragment02();

        //2.获取fragment管理器

        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();

        //3.开启事务

        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

        //4.显示fragment

        //arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中

        ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment2);

        //5.提交

        ft.commit();

    }

    public void click3(View v){

        //1.创建fragment对象

        Fragment03 fragment3 = new Fragment03();

        //2.获取fragment管理器

        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();

        //3.开启事务

        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

        //4.显示fragment

        //arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中

        ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment3);

        //5.提交

        ft.commit();

    }

    public void click4(View v){

        EditText et_main = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_main);

        String text = et_main.getText().toString();

        fragment1.setText(text);

    }

    public void setText(String text){

        TextView tv_main = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_main);

        tv_main.setText(text);

    }

}

MainActivity

package com.itheima.transmit;

import android.app.Fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.ViewGroup;

import android.webkit.WebView.FindListener;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class Fragment01 extends Fragment {

    private TextView tv;

    //系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示

    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,

            Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);

        tv = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.tv_fragment1);

        return v;

    }

    public void setText(String text){

        tv.setText(text);

    }

}

Fragment01

package com.itheima.transmit;

import android.app.Fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import android.view.ViewGroup;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.EditText;

public class Fragment03 extends Fragment implements OnClickListener {

    private EditText et;

    //系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示

    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,

            Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment03, null);

        Button bt_fragment03 = (Button) v.findViewById(R.id.bt_fragment03);

        et = (EditText) v.findViewById(R.id.et_fragment03);

        bt_fragment03.setOnClickListener(this);

        return v;

    }

    @Override

    public void onClick(View v) {

        String text = et.getText().toString();

        ((MainActivity)getActivity()).setText(text);

    }

}

Fragment03

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    tools:context=".MainActivity"

    android:orientation="horizontal"

    >

    <FrameLayout

        android:id="@+id/fl"

        android:layout_weight="1"

        android:layout_width="0dp"

        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        ></FrameLayout>

    <LinearLayout

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        android:orientation="vertical"

        >

        <Button

            android:layout_width="wrap_content"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:text="界面1"

            android:onClick="click1"

            />

        <Button

            android:layout_width="wrap_content"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:text="界面2"

            android:onClick="click2"

            />

        <Button

            android:layout_width="wrap_content"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:text="界面3"

            android:onClick="click3"

            />

        <EditText

            android:id="@+id/et_main"

            android:layout_width="match_parent"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            />

        <Button

            android:layout_width="wrap_content"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:text="提交"

            android:onClick="click4"

            />

        <TextView

            android:id="@+id/tv_main"

            android:layout_width="wrap_content"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            />

        </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

activity_main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical"

    android:background="#00ff00"

    >

    <TextView

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:textSize="30sp"

        android:text="这是plus的帽子的绿色"

        />

    <TextView

        android:id="@+id/tv_fragment1"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        />

</LinearLayout>

fragment01

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical"

    android:background="#0000ff"

    >

    <TextView

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:textSize="30sp"

        android:text="这是plus戴上帽子的心情的蓝色"

        />

    <EditText

        android:id="@+id/et_fragment03"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        />

    <Button

        android:id="@+id/bt_fragment03"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="提交"

        />

</LinearLayout>

fragment03

 

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