Mac下GTest的基本使用

gtest全称Google C++ Testing Framework，它是从谷歌内部诞生并受到业界追捧的一个非常优秀的测试框架，支持如自动发现测试、自定义断言、死亡测试、自动报告等诸多功能。

本文记录Mac下安装配置gtest以及它的基本应用

一、安装

博主尝试用brew install 遇到了问题，于是直接源码安装

编译安装

 git clone https://github.com/google/googletest

 cd googletest

 mkdir build && cd build

 cmake ..

 make

 make install

测试代码

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

project(demo)

find_package(GTEST REQUIRED)

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)

target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${GTEST_LIBRARIES})

main.cpp

#include <iostream>

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

int add(int a, int b) {

    return a + b;

}

int sub(int a, int b) {

    return a - b;

}

// case1

TEST(test, c1) {

    EXPECT_EQ(3, add(1, 2));

    EXPECT_EQ(12, add(2, 6));

}

// case2

TEST(test, c2) {

    EXPECT_EQ(-1, sub(1, 2));

}

GTEST_API_ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);

    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();

}

编译运行

cmake .

make

./demo

# 输出

➜  build ./demo

[==========] Running 2 tests from 1 test case.

[----------] Global test environment set-up.

[----------] 2 tests from test

[ RUN      ] test.c1

/Users/fanghao/Desktop/test/main.cpp:15: Failure

Expected equality of these values:

  12

  add(2, 6)

    Which is: 8

[  FAILED  ] test.c1 (0 ms)

[ RUN      ] test.c2

[       OK ] test.c2 (0 ms)

[----------] 2 tests from test (0 ms total)

[----------] Global test environment tear-down

[==========] 2 tests from 1 test case ran. (0 ms total)

[  PASSED  ] 1 test.

[  FAILED  ] 1 test, listed below:

[  FAILED  ] test.c1

 1 FAILED TEST

二、基本概念

断言：即assertion，检查条件是否为真，一个断言的结果有
- sucess
- nonfatal failure（非致命失败）
- fatal failure（致命失败）
这里值得注意的是后两个，nonfatal failure会指出错误，然后继续运行，由EXPECT_XX产生，fatal failure会指出错误但是终止当前测试函数，由ASSERT_XX产生，一般推荐用前者，这样一次可以查出多个问题

测试样例：test case表示要测试的对象，一般TEST会有两个参数，分别是测试样例，以及测试的子case，如下面这个测试阶乘的样例，HandlesZeroInput和HandlesPositiveInput都属于FactorialTest这个测试样例

// Tests factorial of 0

TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesZeroInput) {

EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));

}

// Tests factorial of positive numbers.

TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {

EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));

EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));

EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));

EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));

}

常用断言

Fatal assertion	Nonfatal assertion	Verifies
ASSERT_TRUE(condition);	EXPECT_TRUE(condition);	condition is true
ASSERT_FALSE(condition);	EXPECT_FALSE(condition);	condition is false
ASSERT_EQ(expected, actual);	EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual);	expected == actual
ASSERT_NE(val1, val2);	EXPECT_NE(val1, val2);	val1 != val2
ASSERT_LT(val1, val2);	EXPECT_LT(val1, val2);	val1 < val2
ASSERT_LE(val1, val2);	EXPECT_LE(val1, val2);	val1 <= val2
ASSERT_GT(val1, val2);	EXPECT_GT(val1, val2);	val1 > val2
ASSERT_GE(val1, val2);	EXPECT_GE(val1, val2);	val1 >= val2
ASSERT_STREQ(expected_str, actual_str);	EXPECT_STREQ(expected_str, actual_str);	the two C strings have the same content
ASSERT_STRNE(str1, str2);	EXPECT_STRNE(str1,str2);	the two C strings have different content
ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(expected_str, actual_str);	EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected_str, actual_str);	the two C strings have the same content,ignore case
ASSERT_STRCASENE(str1, str2);	EXPECT_STRCASENE(str1,str2);	the two C strings have different content,ignore case

三、 Test Fixture

Test Fixture是对基本test case的封装，如果多个test需要操作类似数据，可以把他们封装在一个类里面，然后共享一些配置。

编写Fixure步骤

建立一个类，并继承::testing::Test，并且使用protected或public限制符，以便其子类可以访问到共享的数据
在这个类中，声明你想复用的对象。
写一个SetUp函数来准备所需对象
写一个TearDown函数来释放资源
其他用法和基本的test case一样，只是用TEST_F()宏代替TEST()宏，每次调用一个TEST_F都会重新运行一次SetUp和TearDown，但但成员对象可以共享

看一个示例应该更能说明问题

#include <iostream>

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

class Foo

{

  public:

    int add(int a, int b)

    {

        return a + b;

    }

    int sub(int a, int b)

    {

        return a - b;

    }

};

class FooTest : public ::testing::Test

{

  protected:

    Foo foo; // shared object

    // SetUp && TearDown will be called for every Test Case

    virtual void SetUp()

    {

        std::cout << "Code here will be called immediately after the constructor" << std::endl;

    }

    virtual void TearDown()

    {

        std::cout << "Code here will be called immediately after each test" << std::endl;

    }

};

// Test Case 1

TEST_F(FooTest, TestMethodAdd)

{

    EXPECT_EQ(3, foo.add(1, 2));

}

// Test Case 2

TEST_F(FooTest, TestMethodSub)

{

    EXPECT_EQ(-1, foo.sub(1, 2));

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);

    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();

}

# 输出

➜  build ./demo

[==========] Running 2 tests from 1 test case.

[----------] Global test environment set-up.

[----------] 2 tests from FooTest

[ RUN      ] FooTest.TestMethodAdd

Code here will be called immediately after the constructor

Code here will be called immediately after each test

[       OK ] FooTest.TestMethodAdd (0 ms)

[ RUN      ] FooTest.TestMethodSub

Code here will be called immediately after the constructor

Code here will be called immediately after each test

[       OK ] FooTest.TestMethodSub (0 ms)

[----------] 2 tests from FooTest (0 ms total)

[----------] Global test environment tear-down

[==========] 2 tests from 1 test case ran. (1 ms total)

[  PASSED  ] 2 tests.

四、小结

感觉gtest还是挺优雅的，适合TDD模式，把测试和开发完全解耦。

巴特西

Mac下GTest的基本使用

Mac下GTest的基本使用

一、安装

二、基本概念

三、 Test Fixture

四、小结

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