#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

void work()

{

    int n,k;

    int que[]={};

    int head,tail;

    int i_count=;

    head=tail=;

    scanf ("%d%d",&n,&k);

    que[tail++]=n;

    while (head<tail)

    {

        if (que[head]<=k)

        {

            i_count++;

            head++;

        }

        else

        {

            if (que[head]%==)

            {

                que[tail++]=que[head]/;

                que[tail++]=que[head]/;

                head++;

            }

            else

            {

                que[tail++]=que[head]/;

                que[tail++]=que[head]/+;

                head++;

            }

        }

    }

    printf ("%d\n",i_count);

    return ;

}

int main()

{

    int t;

    scanf ("%d",&t);

    while (t--)

    {

        work();

    }

    return ;

}