/// <summary>

    /// 类名：RSACrypt

    /// 功能：RSA加密、解密、签名、验签

    /// </summary>

    public sealed class RSACrypt

    {

        /// <summary>

        /// 签名

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="content">待签名字符串</param>

        /// <param name="privateKey">私钥</param>

        /// <param name="input_charset">编码格式</param>

        /// <returns>签名后字符串</returns>

        public static string sign(string content, string privateKey, string input_charset)

        {

            byte[] Data = Encoding.GetEncoding(input_charset).GetBytes(content);

            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodePemPrivateKey(privateKey);

            SHA1 sh = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();

            byte[] signData = rsa.SignData(Data, sh);

            return Convert.ToBase64String(signData);

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 验签

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="content">待验签字符串</param>

        /// <param name="signedString">签名</param>

        /// <param name="publicKey">公钥</param>

        /// <param name="input_charset">编码格式</param>

        /// <returns>true(通过)，false(不通过)</returns>

        public static bool verify(string content, string signedString, string publicKey, string input_charset)

        {

            bool result = false;

            byte[] Data = Encoding.GetEncoding(input_charset).GetBytes(content);

            byte[] data = Convert.FromBase64String(signedString);

            RSAParameters paraPub = ConvertFromPublicKey(publicKey);

            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaPub = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();

            rsaPub.ImportParameters(paraPub);

            SHA1 sh = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();

            result = rsaPub.VerifyData(Data, sh, data);

            return result;

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 加密

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="resData">需要加密的字符串</param>

        /// <param name="publicKey">公钥</param>

        /// <param name="input_charset">编码格式</param>

        /// <returns>明文</returns>

        public static string encryptData(string resData, string publicKey, string input_charset)

        {

            byte[] DataToEncrypt = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(resData);

            string result = encrypt(DataToEncrypt, publicKey, input_charset);

            return result;

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 解密

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="resData">加密字符串</param>

        /// <param name="privateKey">私钥</param>

        /// <param name="input_charset">编码格式</param>

        /// <returns>明文</returns>

        public static string decryptData(string resData, string privateKey, string input_charset)

        {

            byte[] DataToDecrypt = Convert.FromBase64String(resData);

            string result = "";

            for (int j = 0; j < DataToDecrypt.Length / 128; j++)

            {

                byte[] buf = new byte[128];

                for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++)

                {

                    buf[i] = DataToDecrypt[i + 128 * j];

                }

                result += decrypt(buf, privateKey, input_charset);

            }

            return result;

        }

        private static string encrypt(byte[] data, string publicKey, string input_charset)

        {

            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodePemPublicKey(publicKey);

            SHA1 sh = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();

            byte[] result = rsa.Encrypt(data, false);

            return Convert.ToBase64String(result);

        }

        private static string decrypt(byte[] data, string privateKey, string input_charset)

        {

            string result = "";

            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodePemPrivateKey(privateKey);

            SHA1 sh = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();

            byte[] source = rsa.Decrypt(data, false);

            char[] asciiChars = new char[Encoding.GetEncoding(input_charset).GetCharCount(source, 0, source.Length)];

            Encoding.GetEncoding(input_charset).GetChars(source, 0, source.Length, asciiChars, 0);

            result = new string(asciiChars);

            return result;

        }

        private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodePemPublicKey(String pemstr)

        {

            byte[] pkcs8publickkey;

            pkcs8publickkey = Convert.FromBase64String(pemstr);

            if (pkcs8publickkey != null)

            {

                RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodeRSAPublicKey(pkcs8publickkey);

                return rsa;

            }

            else

                return null;

        }

        private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodePemPrivateKey(String pemstr)

        {

            byte[] pkcs8privatekey;

            pkcs8privatekey = Convert.FromBase64String(pemstr);

            if (pkcs8privatekey != null)

            {

                RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodePrivateKeyInfo(pkcs8privatekey);

                return rsa;

            }

            else

                return null;

        }

        private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodePrivateKeyInfo(byte[] pkcs8)

        {

            byte[] SeqOID = { 0x30, 0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };

            byte[] seq = new byte[15];

            MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(pkcs8);

            int lenstream = (int)mem.Length;

            BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem);

            byte bt = 0;

            ushort twobytes = 0;

            try

            {

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();

                if (twobytes == 0x8130)

                    binr.ReadByte();

                else if (twobytes == 0x8230)

                    binr.ReadInt16();

                else

                    return null;

                bt = binr.ReadByte();

                if (bt != 0x02)

                    return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();

                if (twobytes != 0x0001)

                    return null;

                seq = binr.ReadBytes(15);

                if (!CompareBytearrays(seq, SeqOID))

                    return null;

                bt = binr.ReadByte();

                if (bt != 0x04)

                    return null;

                bt = binr.ReadByte();

                if (bt == 0x81)

                    binr.ReadByte();

                else

                    if (bt == 0x82)

                        binr.ReadUInt16();

                byte[] rsaprivkey = binr.ReadBytes((int)(lenstream - mem.Position));

                RSACryptoServiceProvider rsacsp = DecodeRSAPrivateKey(rsaprivkey);

                return rsacsp;

            }

            catch (Exception)

            {

                return null;

            }

            finally { binr.Close(); }

        }

        private static bool CompareBytearrays(byte[] a, byte[] b)

        {

            if (a.Length != b.Length)

                return false;

            int i = 0;

            foreach (byte c in a)

            {

                if (c != b[i])

                    return false;

                i++;

            }

            return true;

        }

        private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRSAPublicKey(byte[] publickey)

        {

            byte[] SeqOID = { 0x30, 0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };

            byte[] seq = new byte[15];

            MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(publickey);

            BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem);

            byte bt = 0;

            ushort twobytes = 0;

            try

            {

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();

                if (twobytes == 0x8130)

                    binr.ReadByte();

                else if (twobytes == 0x8230)

                    binr.ReadInt16();

                else

                    return null;

                seq = binr.ReadBytes(15);

                if (!CompareBytearrays(seq, SeqOID))

                    return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();

                if (twobytes == 0x8103)

                    binr.ReadByte();

                else if (twobytes == 0x8203)

                    binr.ReadInt16();

                else

                    return null;

                bt = binr.ReadByte();

                if (bt != 0x00)

                    return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();

                if (twobytes == 0x8130)

                    binr.ReadByte();

                else if (twobytes == 0x8230)

                    binr.ReadInt16();

                else

                    return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();

                byte lowbyte = 0x00;

                byte highbyte = 0x00;

                if (twobytes == 0x8102)

                    lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();

                else if (twobytes == 0x8202)

                {

                    highbyte = binr.ReadByte();

                    lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();

                }

                else

                    return null;

                byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 };

                int modsize = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0);

                byte firstbyte = binr.ReadByte();

                binr.BaseStream.Seek(-1, SeekOrigin.Current);

                if (firstbyte == 0x00)

                {

                    binr.ReadByte();

                    modsize -= 1;

                }

                byte[] modulus = binr.ReadBytes(modsize);  

                if (binr.ReadByte() != 0x02)

                    return null;

                int expbytes = (int)binr.ReadByte();

                byte[] exponent = binr.ReadBytes(expbytes);

                RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();

                RSAParameters RSAKeyInfo = new RSAParameters();

                RSAKeyInfo.Modulus = modulus;

                RSAKeyInfo.Exponent = exponent;

                RSA.ImportParameters(RSAKeyInfo);

                return RSA;

            }

            catch (Exception)

            {

                return null;

            }

            finally { binr.Close(); }

        }

        private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRSAPrivateKey(byte[] privkey)

        {

            byte[] MODULUS, E, D, P, Q, DP, DQ, IQ;

            MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(privkey);

            BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem);

            byte bt = 0;

            ushort twobytes = 0;

            int elems = 0;

            try

            {

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();

                if (twobytes == 0x8130)

                    binr.ReadByte();

                else if (twobytes == 0x8230)

                    binr.ReadInt16();

                else

                    return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();

                if (twobytes != 0x0102)

                    return null;

                bt = binr.ReadByte();

                if (bt != 0x00)

                    return null;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);

                MODULUS = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);

                E = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);

                D = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);

                P = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);

                Q = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);

                DP = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);

                DQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);

                IQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();

                RSAParameters RSAparams = new RSAParameters();

                RSAparams.Modulus = MODULUS;

                RSAparams.Exponent = E;

                RSAparams.D = D;

                RSAparams.P = P;

                RSAparams.Q = Q;

                RSAparams.DP = DP;

                RSAparams.DQ = DQ;

                RSAparams.InverseQ = IQ;

                RSA.ImportParameters(RSAparams);

                return RSA;

            }

            catch (Exception)

            {

                return null;

            }

            finally { binr.Close(); }

        }

        private static int GetIntegerSize(BinaryReader binr)

        {

            byte bt = 0;

            byte lowbyte = 0x00;

            byte highbyte = 0x00;

            int count = 0;

            bt = binr.ReadByte();

            if (bt != 0x02)

                return 0;

            bt = binr.ReadByte();

            if (bt == 0x81)

                count = binr.ReadByte();

            else

                if (bt == 0x82)

                {

                    highbyte = binr.ReadByte();

                    lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();

                    byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 };

                    count = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0);

                }

                else

                {

                    count = bt;

                }

            while (binr.ReadByte() == 0x00)

            {

                count -= 1;

            }

            binr.BaseStream.Seek(-1, SeekOrigin.Current);

            return count;

        }

        private static RSAParameters ConvertFromPublicKey(string pemFileConent)

        {

            byte[] keyData = Convert.FromBase64String(pemFileConent);

            if (keyData.Length < 162)

            {

                throw new ArgumentException("pem file content is incorrect.");

            }

            byte[] pemModulus = new byte[128];

            byte[] pemPublicExponent = new byte[3];

            Array.Copy(keyData, 29, pemModulus, 0, 128);

            Array.Copy(keyData, 159, pemPublicExponent, 0, 3);

            RSAParameters para = new RSAParameters();

            para.Modulus = pemModulus;

            para.Exponent = pemPublicExponent;

            return para;

        }

        private static RSAParameters ConvertFromPrivateKey(string pemFileConent)

        {

            byte[] keyData = Convert.FromBase64String(pemFileConent);

            if (keyData.Length < 609)

            {

                throw new ArgumentException("pem file content is incorrect.");

            }

            int index = 11;

            byte[] pemModulus = new byte[128];

            Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemModulus, 0, 128);

            index += 128;

            index += 2;

            byte[] pemPublicExponent = new byte[3];

            Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemPublicExponent, 0, 3);

            index += 3;

            index += 4;

            byte[] pemPrivateExponent = new byte[128];

            Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemPrivateExponent, 0, 128);

            index += 128;

            index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);

            byte[] pemPrime1 = new byte[64];

            Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemPrime1, 0, 64);

            index += 64;

            index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);//346

            byte[] pemPrime2 = new byte[64];

            Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemPrime2, 0, 64);

            index += 64;

            index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);

            byte[] pemExponent1 = new byte[64];

            Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemExponent1, 0, 64);

            index += 64;

            index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);

            byte[] pemExponent2 = new byte[64];

            Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemExponent2, 0, 64);

            index += 64;

            index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);

            byte[] pemCoefficient = new byte[64];

            Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemCoefficient, 0, 64);

            RSAParameters para = new RSAParameters();

            para.Modulus = pemModulus;

            para.Exponent = pemPublicExponent;

            para.D = pemPrivateExponent;

            para.P = pemPrime1;

            para.Q = pemPrime2;

            para.DP = pemExponent1;

            para.DQ = pemExponent2;

            para.InverseQ = pemCoefficient;

            return para;

        }

    }

　　测试代码如下

    static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            /**RSA加密测试,RSA中的密钥对通过SSL工具生成，生成命令如下：

            * 1 生成RSA私钥：

            * openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024

            *2 生成RSA公钥

            * openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem

            *

            * 3 将RSA私钥转换成PKCS8格式

            * openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out rsa_pub_pk8.pem

            *

            * 直接打开rsa_private_key.pem和rsa_pub_pk8.pem文件就可以获取密钥对内容，获取密钥对内容组成字符串时，注意将换行符删除

            * */

            //rsa_pub_pk8.pem内容

            string privatekey = "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";

            //rsa_public_key.pem内容

            string publickey = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDLK6Hw+RE///HKM1zukQTao/ybdm7RpbQ2bvDTHtDWysx46vIC4wosNZwP3bmxEpzq8f6B3jZeqtcoxCWfVNi1S1FNjyKpC55xmjzrCTNUe9mSgKwyoGU/kHpR4FyXTgP02XkuDXXJrODlDQQg0UNrgbkA9BboLxdxkZLsp1tshQIDAQAB";

            //加密字符串

            string data = "yangyoushan";

            Console.WriteLine("加密前字符串内容：" + data);

            //加密

            string encrypteddata = RSACrypt.encryptData(data, publickey, "UTF-8");

            Console.WriteLine("加密后的字符串为：" + encrypteddata);

            Console.WriteLine("解密后的字符串内容：" + RSACrypt.decryptData(encrypteddata, privatekey, "UTF-8"));

            Console.WriteLine("*****我是分割线******");

            //解密

            string endata = "VbOtmCuc8+8gKXbDyYHAVG6Hnoa7lCphMZePUmxaM7zQ0XD7oTcRY59xNo9xOpwG5YwjbEiHKcuANuKNBlPLkieX5yGSS8iOd1cki+DujqUtffHQicMegubh4vaPhvhBnOflUejtZH1xi2r2a2t8v9xQO+vmZc7gNJ91+3gtFuc=";

            string datamw = RSACrypt.decryptData(endata, privatekey, "UTF-8");

            Console.WriteLine("静态加密后的字符串为：" + endata);

            Console.WriteLine("解密后的字符串内容：" + datamw);

            //签名

            string signdata = "20180522201658IMFINE";

            Console.WriteLine("签名前的字符串内容：" + signdata);

            string sign = RSACrypt.sign(signdata, privatekey, "UTF-8");

            Console.WriteLine("签名后的字符串：" + sign);

            string sourceSign = "VEAgvbHavdbOPYSP8jqxJPYTv/FV/Nl3MClHFBN4qvDRM3ixbOKpUY2P1w99edC29C4Q7qNY99jKYJucRM21mBf8RgEnsBqZVIzqnJYafIQ0AFCL7BpNAORM7uns+NxFj2Zse6Kr61lSpEvie1GCzo+iuYYvzPlMlz+W6nScp2A=";

            Console.WriteLine("生成的签名:" + sourceSign);

            bool realSign1 = RSACrypt.verify("20180522201658IMFINE", sign, publickey, "UTF-8");

            Console.WriteLine(realSign1);

            bool realSign2 = RSACrypt.verify("20180522201658IMFINEHAHA", sign, publickey, "UTF-8");

            Console.WriteLine(realSign2);

            Console.ReadLine();

        }

　来源：https://blog.csdn.net/yysyangyangyangshan/article/details/80411134

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