docker容器生命周期管理

查看容器版本

docker version

[root@node1 ~]# docker version

Client: Docker Engine - Community

 Version:           20.10.9

 API version:       1.41

 Go version:        go1.16.8

 Git commit:        c2ea9bc

 Built:             Mon Oct  4 16:08:14 2021

 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64

 Context:           default

 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community

 Engine:

  Version:          20.10.9

  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)

  Go version:       go1.16.8

  Git commit:       79ea9d3

  Built:            Mon Oct  4 16:06:37 2021

  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64

  Experimental:     false

 containerd:

  Version:          1.4.11

  GitCommit:        5b46e404f6b9f661a205e28d59c982d3634148f8

 runc:

  Version:          1.0.2

  GitCommit:        v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2

 docker-init:

  Version:          0.19.0

  GitCommit:        de40ad0

运行容器

docker run ‘image’ 或者docker container run ‘image’

如果docker run 后面指定的镜像没有加tag，那么默认就会运行tag为latest的镜像。

交互式运行容器

docker run -i -t 镜像名

-i 表示交互式

-t 表示为容器开启一个终端

[root@node1 ~]# docker run -i -t centos

[root@5fd531998278 /]# ps aux

USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND

root          1  1.1  0.2  12036  2088 pts/0    Ss   06:22   0:00 /bin/bash

root         15  0.0  0.1  44652  1780 pts/0    R+   06:22   0:00 ps aux

以后台的形式运行容器（最常使用的）

docker run -dt “image” “command” 后面的command会替代image中构建的最后一个命令

-d 参数是后台运行

[root@node1 ~]# docker run -dt centos bash

fec14b595a81d8c47f5e81035c883b75147a3f52da51eb8b79298dede4c72945

[root@node1 docker]# docker run -dt --name web nginx  bash

7c741b579a562d264a4bd0d24ed84405c19476875f579d2f8dc230e183349ec9

[root@node1 docker]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES

7c741b579a56   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 seconds ago   Up 7 seconds   80/tcp    web

b713aabd323d   centos    "/bin/bash"              5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes             dazzling_raman

进入一个已运行的容器

docker exec -it ‘容器id或NAMES’ ‘command’

[root@node1 docker]# docker exec -it b713aabd323d bash

[root@b713aabd323d /]# ps aux

USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND

root          1  0.0  0.1  12036  1936 pts/0    Ss+  14:11   0:00 /bin/bash

root         27  0.1  0.2  12036  2100 pts/1    Ss   14:18   0:00 bash

root         41  0.0  0.1  44652  1784 pts/1    R+   14:19   0:00 ps aux

退出容器

exit

临时退出容器

ctrl+p+q

返回临时退出的容器

docker attach +容器的id

停止容器

docker stop + 容器id 正常停止一个容器

docker kill + 容器id 强行杀掉一个容器

上图中容器状态STATUS可以看到退出容器的状态码，docker stop +容器id停止的状态码为0，docker kill + 容器id停止的状态码是非零

重启容器

docker restart +容器id

查看运行的容器

docker ps

docker ps -q 只查看运行容器id

查看所有的容器，包括已退出的容器

docker ps -a

docker ps -aq 只查看所有容器的id

删除容器

docker container rm +容器id

默认情况下只能删除已经停止的容器，也可以加-f参数强行删除正在运行的容器（不建议）

查看容器log

docker logs

首先运行一个容器nginx，然后执行docker logs web 查看这个容器的日志

[root@node1 ~]# docker run -dt --name web nginx                           #启动一个指定名为web的nginx容器

[root@node1 ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES

cd9d8a5a355e   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   51 seconds ago   Up 50 seconds   80/tcp    web

fec14b595a81   centos    "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago      Up 6 hours                condescending_benz

67c3f5089a59   centos    "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago      Up 6 hours                zealous_greider

[root@node1 ~]# docker logs web                                          #查看web的容器log

/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration

/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/

/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh

10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh

/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh

/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up

2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method

2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.3

2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6)

2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64

2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576

2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes

2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31

查看容器的进程

docker top 进程id或者 NAMES

[root@node1 ~]# docker top web

UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD

root                12080               12061               0                   20:56               pts/0               00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;

101                 12128               12080               0                   20:56               pts/0               00:00:00            nginx: worker process

[root@node1 ~]# docker top condescending_benz

UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD

root                11236               11218               0                   17:11               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

[root@node1 ~]# docker top fec14b595a81

UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD

root                11236               11218               0                   17:11               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看容器内部的详细信息

docker inspect web #查看名为web的nginx容器详细信息，这个命令返回结果为json格式

[root@node1 ~]# docker inspect web

[

    {

        "Id": "cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f",

        "Created": "2021-10-20T12:56:57.15455763Z",

        "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",

        "Args": [

            "nginx",

            "-g",

            "daemon off;"

        ],

        "State": {

            "Status": "running",

            "Running": true,

            "Paused": false,

            "Restarting": false,

            "OOMKilled": false,

            "Dead": false,

            "Pid": 12080,

            "ExitCode": 0,

            "Error": "",

            "StartedAt": "2021-10-20T12:56:57.915592015Z",

            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"

        },

        "Image": "sha256:87a94228f133e2da99cb16d653cd1373c5b4e8689956386c1c12b60a20421a02",

        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f/resolv.conf",

        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f/hostname",

        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f/hosts",

        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f-json.log",

        "Name": "/web",

        "RestartCount": 0,

        "Driver": "overlay2",

        "Platform": "linux",

        "MountLabel": "",

        "ProcessLabel": "",

        "AppArmorProfile": "",

        "ExecIDs": null,

        "HostConfig": {

            "Binds": null,

            "ContainerIDFile": "",

            "LogConfig": {

                "Type": "json-file",

                "Config": {}

            },

            "NetworkMode": "default",

            "PortBindings": {},

            "RestartPolicy": {

                "Name": "no",

                "MaximumRetryCount": 0

            },

            "AutoRemove": false,

            "VolumeDriver": "",

            "VolumesFrom": null,

            "CapAdd": null,

            "CapDrop": null,

            "CgroupnsMode": "host",

            "Dns": [],

            "DnsOptions": [],

            "DnsSearch": [],

            "ExtraHosts": null,

            "GroupAdd": null,

            "IpcMode": "private",

            "Cgroup": "",

            "Links": null,

            "OomScoreAdj": 0,

            "PidMode": "",

            "Privileged": false,

            "PublishAllPorts": false,

            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,

            "SecurityOpt": null,

            "UTSMode": "",

            "UsernsMode": "",

            "ShmSize": 67108864,

            "Runtime": "runc",

            "ConsoleSize": [

                0,

                0

            ],

            "Isolation": "",

            "CpuShares": 0,

            "Memory": 0,

            "NanoCpus": 0,

            "CgroupParent": "",

            "BlkioWeight": 0,

            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],

            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,

            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,

            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,

            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,

            "CpuPeriod": 0,

            "CpuQuota": 0,

            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,

            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,

            "CpusetCpus": "",

            "CpusetMems": "",

            "Devices": [],

            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,

            "DeviceRequests": null,

            "KernelMemory": 0,

            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,

            "MemoryReservation": 0,

            "MemorySwap": 0,

            "MemorySwappiness": null,

            "OomKillDisable": false,

            "PidsLimit": null,

            "Ulimits": null,

            "CpuCount": 0,

            "CpuPercent": 0,

            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,

            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,

            "MaskedPaths": [

                "/proc/asound",

                "/proc/acpi",

                "/proc/kcore",

                "/proc/keys",

                "/proc/latency_stats",

                "/proc/timer_list",

                "/proc/timer_stats",

                "/proc/sched_debug",

                "/proc/scsi",

                "/sys/firmware"

            ],

            "ReadonlyPaths": [

                "/proc/bus",

                "/proc/fs",

                "/proc/irq",

                "/proc/sys",

                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"

            ]

        },

        "GraphDriver": {

            "Data": {

                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c34d13e1617f850faa442b48ee067cee6b4c786617a68bc0f14efac09680cf5e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/916b4b09d26638d695f00d92703ea74c3ca25ec2b45553bbbfb8124b94c97d51/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/646e9fdde9960bf6b7751d19d12921668857653cbcbe12ece1f8778560f26fac/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c23d2e4620ca9dad82d584da266ac08650339db8b0256cb0c6af396f6acf52c9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0978fa2b8de789fe52c284e7189c672b1ae149a23a1120cac53764ca58ffc26a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1806b9060674b511023a35cb7d2d0eb05f2819bc7af1e884ad6eb5bc21a98fb9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0a4ab40a97f3191a3c1ff84f2653499dbf8a4f73f2b771750212eaf5a1355bca/diff",

                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c34d13e1617f850faa442b48ee067cee6b4c786617a68bc0f14efac09680cf5e/merged",

                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c34d13e1617f850faa442b48ee067cee6b4c786617a68bc0f14efac09680cf5e/diff",

                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c34d13e1617f850faa442b48ee067cee6b4c786617a68bc0f14efac09680cf5e/work"

            },

            "Name": "overlay2"

        },

        "Mounts": [],

        "Config": {

            "Hostname": "cd9d8a5a355e",

            "Domainname": "",

            "User": "",

            "AttachStdin": false,

            "AttachStdout": false,

            "AttachStderr": false,

            "ExposedPorts": {

                "80/tcp": {}

            },

            "Tty": true,

            "OpenStdin": false,

            "StdinOnce": false,

            "Env": [

                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",

                "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.3",

                "NJS_VERSION=0.6.2",

                "PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"

            ],

            "Cmd": [

                "nginx",

                "-g",

                "daemon off;"

            ],

            "Image": "nginx",

            "Volumes": null,

            "WorkingDir": "",

            "Entrypoint": [

                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"

            ],

            "OnBuild": null,

            "Labels": {

                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"

            },

            "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"

        },

        "NetworkSettings": {

            "Bridge": "",

            "SandboxID": "7e0664529b4530566bb81f703c9ed5cb7c3d2a8d52922fafcd812fcf570a9953",

            "HairpinMode": false,

            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",

            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,

            "Ports": {

                "80/tcp": null

            },

            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/7e0664529b45",

            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,

            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,

            "EndpointID": "a510f09a369fea8067cd1e9a5f13fc6b1905437246f386395aefa1e7b295651a",

            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",

            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",

            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,

            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",

            "IPPrefixLen": 16,

            "IPv6Gateway": "",

            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",

            "Networks": {

                "bridge": {

                    "IPAMConfig": null,

                    "Links": null,

                    "Aliases": null,

                    "NetworkID": "1e97883068f16a7653829f2adc3fa1da86d219b4ce00f9eac7d1c96b66a9aeee",

                    "EndpointID": "a510f09a369fea8067cd1e9a5f13fc6b1905437246f386395aefa1e7b295651a",

                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",

                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",

                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,

                    "IPv6Gateway": "",

                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",

                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,

                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",

                    "DriverOpts": null

                }

            }

        }

    }

]

[root@node1 ~]#

docker inspect web

将主机文件拷贝到容器中

docker cp

将docker目录下的ubunto_latest_image.tar 拷贝到名为busy_buck的容器/目录下

[root@node1 docker]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES

2bb4aeab2410   centos    "bash"    About a minute ago   Up About a minute             busy_buck

[root@node1 docker]# ls

daemon.json  key.json  ubunto_latest_image.tar

[root@node1 docker]# docker cp ubunto_latest_image.tar busy_buck:/

[root@node1 docker]# docker attach 2bb4aeab2410

[root@2bb4aeab2410 /]# ls

bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  ubunto_latest_image.tar  usr  var

将容器文件拷贝到主机上

[root@node1 docker]# docker cp  dazzling_raman:/ubunto_latest_image.tar ./

[root@node1 docker]# ls

daemon.json  key.json  ubunto_latest_image.tar

巴特西