參考文章：http://www.cnblogs.com/tornadomeet/archive/2012/07/19/2599376.html

实验说明： （引用）

　　本文主要讲一些opencv 2.0版本号后出现的Mat矩形类，主要是參考opencv自带doc目录下的tutiol教材。通过这次实验认为用Mat的话以下几点须要特别注意（在代码中能够体现出来）：

#include <iostream>

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>

#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>

#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>

using namespace std;

using namespace cv;

int demo_Mat()

{

    int next_num = 1;

	char tmp;

	while(next_num<7)

	{

		cout<<"-------- "<<next_num<<" --------"<<endl;

		waitKey(0);

		switch (next_num)

        {

           case 1:

            {

				Mat M( 2, 2, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0,255,0) );//事实上是2*6的矩阵，由于每一个元素有3个通道。

cout<<"create by using the constructor..."<<endl;

				cout<<"M = \n "<<M<<endl;

				M.create( 4, 4, CV_8UC(2));//括号中面的2表示2通道

				cout<< "create by using create function..."<<endl;

				cout<<"M = \n "<<M<<endl;

				break;

            }//当case语句里面变量定义时，须要用括号括起来，否则会报错

           case 2:

            {

                int sz[3] = {2, 2, 2};

                Mat L( 3, sz, CV_8UC(1), Scalar::all(0) );

                cout<< "create multidimensional matrix..."<<endl;

                // cout<<"L =   "<<L<<endl;此处不能打印出来，由于那仅仅适应二维数组

                break;

            }

            case 3:

            {

                Mat E = Mat::eye(4, 4, CV_64F);

                Mat O = Mat::ones(2, 3, CV_32F);

                Mat Z = Mat::zeros(3, 3, CV_8UC1);

                cout<< "using matlab stytle..."<<endl;

                cout<<"E = \n "<<E<<endl;

                cout<<"O = \n "<<O<<endl;

                cout<<"Z = \n "<<Z<<endl;

                break;

            }

			case 4:

			{

				Mat C =(Mat_<double>(3,3)<<0,-1,0,-1,5,-1,0,-1,0);//直接赋初始值的方法

				Mat row_clone = C.row(1).clone();

				cout<< "create 3*3 double-precision identity matrix..."<<endl;

				cout<<"C = \n "<<C<<endl;

				cout<<"row_clone =  "<<row_clone<<endl;

				break;

			}

            case 5:

            {

                Mat R = Mat( 3, 2, CV_8UC3 );

                randu( R, Scalar::all(0), Scalar::all(255) );

                cout<< "fill a matrix with rand numbers..."<<endl;

                cout<<"R (default) =  "<<R<<endl;

                cout<< "demonstrate the output formating options..."<<endl;

                cout<<"R (python) = \n "<<format(R, "python")<<endl;

                cout<<"R (numpy) = \n "<<format(R, "numpy")<<endl;//numpy是一个用python实现的科学计算包

                cout<<"R (csv) = \n "<<format(R, "csv")<<endl;//csv,逗号分隔符

                cout<<"R (c) = \n " <<format(R, "C")<<endl;

                break;

            }

			case 6:

			{

				cout<< "the point format output..."<<endl;

				Point2f P1(5, 1);

				cout<<"Point (2D) = "<<P1<<endl;

				Point3f P2(4, 5, 6);

				cout<<"Point (3D) = "<<P2<<endl;

				vector<float>v;

				v.push_back( (float)CV_PI);

				v.push_back( 2 );//push_back为在其尾部增加一个数据

				v.push_back( 3.01f );

				cout<<"vector of float: = "<<Mat(v)<<endl;//vector数据是没法单独输出的,因此能够借助mat输出

				int N = 20;

				vector<Point2f>vPoints(N);//vector能够用变量定义其长度。比数组好用

				for( size_t E = 0; E < vPoints.size(); ++E )    //size_t事实上就是一个unsigned int类型

					vPoints[E] = Point2f((float)(E*5), (float)(E%7));

				cout<<"vPoints[] = \n"<<vPoints<<endl;//可是vector点确实能够直接输出的。由于这时候的vector本身就是

														//一个多维（至少2维）Mat了

				break;

			}

			default:

				break;

        }

		next_num++;

	}

	return 0;

}

执行结果：