python3-开发进阶Django中序列化以及rest

一、django框架的序列化

直接上代码

1、这是app下的models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Course(models.Model):

    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)

2、这是app下的view.py，两种序列化方法

from django.views import View

from app01.models import Course

class CourseView(View):

    def get(self,request):

        ret=Course.objects.all()

        #这是我们自己用json模块去序列化数据

        #import json

        #temp=[]

        # for i in ret:

        #     temp.append({

        #         "title":i.title

        #    })

        #这是django自带的

         from django.core.serializers import serialize

         ret=serialize("json",ret)

         # return HttpResponse(temp)

         return HttpResponse(ret)

总结：

　　我们会发现序列化出来的数据比较单一，返回来的样式太麻烦，而django自带的方法，而且无法反序列化!

二、rest_framework中的序列化组件

首先我们要先下载这个模块

pip3 install djangorestframework

装好之后，不要忘了在app中注册rest_framework，

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from .models import *

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponsefrom rest_framework import serializers

class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):

    title=serializers.CharField(max_length=32)

    price=serializers.IntegerField()

    pub_date=serializers.DateField()

    publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")

    #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")

    authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_authors(self,obj):

        temp=[]

        for author in obj.authors.all():

            data=[]
　　　　　　　data.append(author.pk)　
　　　　　　　data.append(author.name)
　　　　　　　temp.append(data)

        return temp

class BookViewSet(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        book_list=Book.objects.all()

        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)

        return Response(bs.data)

我们这里有更简便的方法：

from rest_framework import serializers

from app01.models import Book

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model=Book

        fields="__all__"

五种状态的标准形式

class BookView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):

        book_list = Book.objects.all()

        bs = BookSerializers(book_list, many=True)

        # 序列化数据

        return Response(bs.data)

    def post(self, request):

        # 添加一条数据

        print(request.data)

        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data)

        if bs.is_valid():

            bs.save()  # 生成记录

            return Response(bs.data)

        else:

            return Response(bs.errors)

class BookDetailView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,pk):

        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,many=False)

        return Response(bs.data)

    def put(self,request,pk):

        book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,instance=book_obj)#instance

        if bs.is_valid():

            bs.save() # update

            return Response(bs.data)

        else:

            return Response(bs.errors)

    def delete(self,request,pk):

        Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()

        return Response("")

我们再创建一张表，我们会发现代码有点冗余了，除了变量名的变化，这里也有封好的方法mixin类

from rest_framework import mixins

from rest_framework import generics

class BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,

                  mixins.CreateModelMixin,

                  generics.GenericAPIView):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()

    serializer_class = BookSerializers

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

class BookDetailViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,

                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,

                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,

                    generics.GenericAPIView):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()

    serializer_class = BookSerializers

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

我们在上面的几个类中，我们下来翻看源码：

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin

from rest_framework.mixins import DestroyModelMixin

from rest_framework.mixins import RetrieveModelMixin

from rest_framework.mixins import UpdateModelMixin

我们先来看CreateModeMixin类的源码，我们发现 create

ListModeMixin类的源码，我们发现list

RetrieveModelMixin类的源码，我们发现retrieve

UpdateModelMixin类的源码，我们发现update

DestroyModelMixin类的源码，我们发现destroy

然后我们可以这样封装：

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin

from rest_framework import generics

class BookView(CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView,):

    queryset=Book.objects.all()

    serializer_class=BookSerializers

    def get(self,request):

        return self.list(request)

    def post(self,request):

        return self.create(request)

class BookDetailView(DestroyModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView,):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()

    serializer_class = BookSerializers

    def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):

       return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self,request, *args, **kwargs):

       return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self,request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

发现代码还是冗余的，我们还有更简便的方法，REST框架提供了简化的view.py模块

from rest_framework import mixins

from rest_framework import generics

class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()

    serializer_class = BookSerializers

class BookDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()

    serializer_class = BookSerializers

class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):

    queryset = Publish.objects.all()

    serializer_class = PublshSerializers

class PublishDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):

    queryset = Publish.objects.all()

    serializer_class = PublshSerializers

需要什么样的方法，就继承什么方法类，但里面的方法需要在url传入需要的参数

#views中代码非常简介，最重要的还是urls

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

class AuthorModelView(ModelViewSet):

    queryset=Author.objects.all()

    serializer_class=AuthorSerializers

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    #在as_view中加入参数

    url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"})),

    url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"})),
]

巴特西

python3-开发进阶Django中序列化以及rest_framework的序列化

一、django框架的序列化

二、rest_framework中的序列化组件

最新文章

热门文章