lvs模式配置

  1. lvs简介

    LVS（Linux Virtual Server）即Linux虚拟服务器，是由章文嵩博士主导的开源负载均衡项目，目前LVS已经被集成到Linux内核模块中。该项目在Linux内核中实现了基于IP的数据请求负载均衡调度方案，其体系结构如图1所示，终端互联网用户从外部访问公司的外部负载均衡服务器，终端用户的Web请求会发送给LVS调度器，调度器根据自己预设的算法决定将该请求发送给后端的某台Web服务器，比如，轮询算法可以将外部的请求平均分发给后端的所有服务器，终端用户访问LVS调度器虽然会被转发到后端真实的服务器，但如果真实服务器连接的是相同的存储，提供的服务也是相同的服务，最终用户不管是访问哪台真实服务器，得到的服务内容都是一样的，整个集群对用户而言都是透明的。最后根据LVS工作模式的不同，真实服务器会选择不同的方式将用户需要的数据发送到终端用户，LVS工作模式分为NAT模式、TUN模式、以及DR模式。

1.1 Ivs: Linux Virtual Server

四层交换，四层路由:

根据请求报文的目标IP和PORT将其转发至后端主机集群中的某-台主机(根据挑选算法)

netfilter

  • PREROUTING --> INPUT
  • PREROUTING --> FORWARD --> POSTROUTING
  • OUTPUT --> POSTROUTING

Ivs:

ipvsadm/ipvs

ipvsadm:用户空间的命令行工具，用于管理集群服务

ipvs:工作于内核中netfilter INPUT钩子.上

支持TCP，UDP，AH, EST, AH_ EST, SCTP等诸多协议

grep -i -A 2 "ipvs’ /boot/config-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_ 64

查看系统对ipvs的支持情况，包括算法

Ivs arch:

  • 调度器: director, dispatcher, balancer
  • RS: Real Server
  • Client IP: CIP
  • Director Virutal IP: VIP
  • Director IP: DIP
  • Real Server IP: RIP

配置NAT模式

  • 准备工作
服务器名称 IP 版本
lvs 192.168.78.134 centos8/redhat8
RS1 192.168.78.135 centos8/redhat8
RS2 192.168.78.136 centos8/redhat8

配置RS1主机

//修改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname RS1

[root@localhost ~]# bash

[root@RS1 ~]#

 //关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld

[root@RS1 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

 //查看ip

[root@RS1 ~]# ip addr show ens33

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:d2:6d:a2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.78.135/24 brd 192.168.78.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:6da2/64 scope link noprefixroute

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

//安装httpd配置

[root@RS1 ~]# yum install httpd -y

[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd

[root@RS1 ~]# echo 'RS1' > /var/www/html/index.html

[root@RS1 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html

RS1

//配置网卡

[root@RS1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

NAME=ens33

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.78.135

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.78.134  //调度器的主机IP

DNS1=114.114.114.114

[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager

访问网页

配置RS2主机

//修改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname RS2

[root@localhost ~]# bash

[root@RS2 ~]#

//关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld

[root@RS2 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

//查看ip

[root@RS2 ~]# ip a s ens33

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:db:88:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.78.136/24 brd 192.168.78.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet 192.168.78.136/24 brd 192.168.78.255 scope global secondary dynamic noprefixroute ens33

       valid_lft 1781sec preferred_lft 1781sec

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:8869/64 scope link noprefixroute

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@RS2 ~]# 

//安装apache配置

[root@RS2 ~]# yum install httpd -y

[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd

[root@RS2 ~]# echo 'RS2' > /var/www/html/index.html

[root@RS2 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html

RS2

//配置网卡

[root@RS2 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

NAME=ens33

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.78.136

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.78.134  //调度器的主机IP

DNS1=114.114.114.114

[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager

访问网页

配置LVS主机

//设置主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname LVS

[root@localhost ~]# bash

[root@LVS ~]#

//关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@LVS ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service

[root@LVS ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

[root@LVS ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1  //加入这一个

//让其生效

[root@LVS ~]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

//安装配置ipvsadm

[root@LVS ~]# yum install ipvsadm -y

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.78.134:80 -s rr

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.78.134:80 -r 192.168.220.135:80 -m

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.78.134:80 -r 192.168.220.136:80 -m

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -Sn > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm

[root@LVS ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm

-A -t 192.168.78.134:80 -s rr

-a -t 192.168.78.134:80 -r 192.168.220.135:80 -m -w 1

-a -t 192.168.78.134:80 -r 192.168.220.136:80 -m -w 1

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -ln

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags

  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

TCP  192.168.78.134:80 rr

  -> 192.168.78.135:80            Masq    1      0          0

  -> 192.168.78.136:80            Masq    1      0          0     

[root@LVS ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

NAME=ens33

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.78.134

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.78.2

[root@LVS ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager

//访问

[root@LVS ~]# curl 192.168.78.134

RS2

[root@LVS ~]# curl 192.168.78.134

RS1

配置DR模式

  • 准备工作
服务器名称 IP 版本
lvs 192.168.78.134 centos8/redhat8
RS1 192.168.78.135 centos8/redhat8
RS2 192.168.78.136 centos8/redhat8

RS1主机

记得恢复快照

//修改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname RS1

[root@localhost ~]# bash

[root@RS1 ~]#

 //查看ip

[root@RS1 ~]# ip addr show ens33

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:d2:6d:a2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.78.135/24 brd 192.168.78.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:6da2/64 scope link noprefixroute

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

//关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld

[root@RS1 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

//安装httpd配置网页

[root@RS1 ~]# yum install httpd -y

[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd

[root@RS1 ~]# echo 'RS1' > /var/www/html/index.html

[root@RS1 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html

RS1

RS2主机

//修改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname RS2

[root@localhost ~]# bash

[root@RS2 ~]#

//ip

[root@RS2 ~]# ip a s ens33

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:db:88:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.78.136/24 brd 192.168.78.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet 192.168.78.136/24 brd 192.168.78.255 scope global secondary dynamic noprefixroute ens33

       valid_lft 1781sec preferred_lft 1781sec

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:8869/64 scope link noprefixroute

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@RS2 ~]# 

//关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld

[root@RS2 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

//安装apache配置

[root@RS2 ~]# yum install httpd -y

[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd

[root@RS2 ~]# echo 'RS2' > /var/www/html/index.html

[root@RS2 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html

RS2

配置LVS主机

//修改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname LVS

[root@localhost ~]# bash

[root@LVS ~]# 

//关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@LVS ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service

[root@LVS ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

[root@LVS ~]# yum install net-tools -y   //安装软件包

//配置dip

[root@LVS ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

NAME=ens33

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.78.134

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.78.2

DNS1=114.114.114.114

//配置vip

[root@LVS ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.78.254/32 broadcast 192.168.78.254 up //配置vip为192.168.78.254  广播地址为192.168.78.254

//查看网卡

[root@LVS ~]# ifconfig

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 192.168.78.134  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.78.255

        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:8ed5  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 00:0c:29:8c:8e:d5  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 31174  bytes 18679875 (17.8 MiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 30364  bytes 5067821 (4.8 MiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500   //vip

        inet 192.168.78.254  netmask 0.0.0.0  broadcast 192.168.78.254

        ether 00:0c:29:8c:8e:d5  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>

        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)

        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

配置RS1的rip

注意：此处必须先修改网卡内核参数然后再配置vip，因为如果先配vip，vip配好后就会立马通告给别人，而修改内核参数就是为了不通告

[root@RS1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

NAME=ens33

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.78.135

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.78.2

DNS1=114.114.114.114

//末尾加入下面两行

[root@RS1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

//-P 读取

[root@RS1 ~]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

//配置vip

[root@RS1 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.78.254/32 broadcast 192.168.78.254 up

[root@RS1 ~]# ifconfig

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 192.168.78.135  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.78.255

        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:6da2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 00:0c:29:d2:6d:a2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 37460  bytes 2876407 (2.7 MiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 56204  bytes 10689362 (10.1 MiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>

        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)

        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

        inet 192.168.78.254  netmask 0.0.0.0

        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)

配置RS1的rip

[root@RS2 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

NAME=ens33

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.78.136

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.78.2

DNS1=114.114.114.114

//末尾加入下面两行

[root@RS2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

//-p 读取

[root@RS2 ~]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

//配置vip

[root@RS2 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.78.254/32 broadcast 192.168.78.254 up

[root@RS2 ~]# ifconfig

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 192.168.78.136 netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.78.255

        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:8869  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 00:0c:29:db:88:69  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 39942  bytes 3059152 (2.9 MiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 59431  bytes 11212720 (10.6 MiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>

        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)

        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

        inet 192.168.78.254  netmask 0.0.0.0

        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)

调度器配置

//分别在三台主机上配置路由

[root@RS1 ~]# route add -host 192.168.78.254 dev lo:0

[root@RS2 ~]# route add -host 192.168.78.254 dev lo:0

[root@LVS ~]# route add -host 192.168.78.254 dev ens33:0  

//调度器配置

[root@LVS ~]# yum install ipvsadm -y

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.78.254:80 -s wrr

//-g表示dr模式

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.78.254:80 -r 192.168.78.135:80 -g

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.78.254:80 -r 192.168.78.136:80 -g

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -Sn > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm

//真机cmd命令行测试

C:\Users\wg>curl 192.168.78.254

RS1

C:\Users\wg>curl 192.168.78.254

RS2

C:\Users\wg>curl 192.168.78.254

RS1

C:\Users\wg>curl 192.168.78.254

RS2

[root@LVS ~]# ipvsadm -ln

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags

  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

TCP  192.168.78.254:80 wrr

  -> 192.168.78.135:80            Route   1      0          2//表示访问次数

  -> 192.168.78.136:80            Route   1      0          2

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