我们知道通过设置nologging选项。能够加快oracle的某些操作的运行速度，这在运行某些维护任务时是非常实用的，可是该选项也非常危急，假设使用不当，就可能导致数据库发生ORA-26040错误。

首先。构造使用环境。

SQL> select tablespace_name,logging,force_logging from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME 	       LOGGING	 FOR

------------------------------ --------- ---

SYSTEM			       LOGGING	 NO

UNDOTBS1		       LOGGING	 NO

SYSAUX			       LOGGING	 NO

TEMP			       NOLOGGING NO

USERS			       LOGGING	 NO

LOGGING 		       LOGGING	 NO

6 rows selected.

SQL> show user

USER is "LOGGING"

SQL> select table_name,logging from user_tables;

TABLE_NAME		       LOG

------------------------------ ---

SOURCE			       YES

NOLOG			       NO

NOLOG1			       NO

我们使用create table table_name nologging as select * from user_tables创建了表nolog和nolog1。在创建表之前，先使用rman进行全库的备份，表创建完毕后，关闭数据库，并使用备份来恢复，结果例如以下：

[oraten@yue bdump]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 13 17:21:02 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORATEN (DBID=3658365464, not open)

RMAN> list backup;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

97      Full    565.31M    DISK        00:00:41     2014-11-12 09:34:45

        BP Key: 65   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141112T093404

        Piece Name: /home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/backupset/2014_11_12/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141112T093404_b65g8fc3_.bkp

  List of Datafiles in backup set 97

  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name

  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----

  1       Full 1276159    2014-11-12 09:34:04 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/system01.dbf

  2       Full 1276159    2014-11-12 09:34:04 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/undotbs01.dbf

  3       Full 1276159    2014-11-12 09:34:04 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/sysaux01.dbf

  4       Full 1276159    2014-11-12 09:34:04 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/users01.dbf

  5       Full 1276159    2014-11-12 09:34:04 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/logging01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

98      Full    6.86M      DISK        00:00:02     2014-11-12 09:34:52

        BP Key: 66   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141112T093404

        Piece Name: /home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/backupset/2014_11_12/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20141112T093404_b65g9vx2_.bkp

  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1276545      Ckp time: 2014-11-12 09:34:50

  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2014-11-12 09:14:00

RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 2014-11-13 17:21:19

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00001 to /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/system01.dbf

restoring datafile 00002 to /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/undotbs01.dbf

restoring datafile 00003 to /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/sysaux01.dbf

restoring datafile 00004 to /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/users01.dbf

restoring datafile 00005 to /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/logging01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/backupset/2014_11_12/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141112T093404_b65g8fc3_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/backupset/2014_11_12/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141112T093404_b65g8fc3_.bkp tag=TAG20141112T093404

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

Finished restore at 2014-11-13 17:21:45

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 2014-11-13 17:21:50

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log thread 1 sequence 53 is already on disk as file /home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/archivelog/2014_11_12/o1_mf_1_53_b65gj7m2_.arc

archive log thread 1 sequence 54 is already on disk as file /home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/archivelog/2014_11_12/o1_mf_1_54_b65kj77p_.arc

archive log thread 1 sequence 55 is already on disk as file /home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/archivelog/2014_11_13/o1_mf_1_55_b68w6tft_.arc

archive log filename=/home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/archivelog/2014_11_12/o1_mf_1_53_b65gj7m2_.arc thread=1 sequence=53

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:14

Finished recover at 2014-11-13 17:22:05

RMAN> alter database open;

database opened

RMAN>

alert 文件里的内容例如以下：

Thu Nov 13 17:21:20 CST 2014

Full restore complete of datafile 5 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/logging01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:00

  checkpoint is 1276159

Full restore complete of datafile 4 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/users01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:00

  checkpoint is 1276159

  last deallocation scn is 672889

Full restore complete of datafile 2 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/undotbs01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:01

  checkpoint is 1276159

  last deallocation scn is 1252646

Full restore complete of datafile 3 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/sysaux01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:03

  checkpoint is 1276159

  last deallocation scn is 842824

Thu Nov 13 17:21:41 CST 2014

Full restore complete of datafile 1 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/system01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:10

  checkpoint is 1276159

  last deallocation scn is 399219

Thu Nov 13 17:21:51 CST 2014

alter database recover datafile list clear

Thu Nov 13 17:21:51 CST 2014

Completed: alter database recover datafile list clear

Thu Nov 13 17:21:51 CST 2014

alter database recover datafile list

 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Completed: alter database recover datafile list

 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Thu Nov 13 17:21:51 CST 2014

alter database recover if needed

 start

Media Recovery Start

 parallel recovery started with 2 processes

ORA-279 signalled during: alter database recover if needed

 start

...

Thu Nov 13 17:21:51 CST 2014

alter database recover logfile '/home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/archivelog/2014_11_12/o1_mf_1_53_b65gj7m2_.arc'

Thu Nov 13 17:21:51 CST 2014

Media Recovery Log /home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/archivelog/2014_11_12/o1_mf_1_53_b65gj7m2_.arc

Thu Nov 13 17:21:52 CST 2014

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 3 Seq 54 Reading mem 0

  Mem# 0: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/redo03.log

Thu Nov 13 17:21:54 CST 2014

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 55 Reading mem 0

  Mem# 0: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/redo01.log

Thu Nov 13 17:21:59 CST 2014

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 56 Reading mem 0

  Mem# 0: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/redo02.log

Thu Nov 13 17:22:02 CST 2014

Media Recovery Complete (oraten)

Completed: alter database recover logfile '/home/app/oraten/flash_recovery_area/ORATEN/archivelog/2014_11_12/o1_mf_1_53_b65gj7m2_.arc'

Thu Nov 13 17:22:11 CST 2014

alter database open

Thu Nov 13 17:22:11 CST 2014

LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES

ARC0 started with pid=21, OS id=6628

Thu Nov 13 17:22:11 CST 2014

ARC0: Archival started

ARC1: Archival started

LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE

ARC1 started with pid=22, OS id=6630

Thu Nov 13 17:22:12 CST 2014

Thread 1 opened at log sequence 56

  Current log# 2 seq# 56 mem# 0: /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/redo02.log

Successful open of redo thread 1

Thu Nov 13 17:22:12 CST 2014

MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set

Thu Nov 13 17:22:12 CST 2014

ARC0: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH

ARC0: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH

Thu Nov 13 17:22:12 CST 2014

ARC1: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH

Thu Nov 13 17:22:12 CST 2014

SMON: enabling cache recovery

Thu Nov 13 17:22:12 CST 2014

Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.

Thu Nov 13 17:22:12 CST 2014

SMON: enabling tx recovery

Thu Nov 13 17:22:12 CST 2014

Database Characterset is AL32UTF8

Opening with internal Resource Manager plan

replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)

Starting background process QMNC

QMNC started with pid=23, OS id=6632

Thu Nov 13 17:22:12 CST 2014

db_recovery_file_dest_size of 2048 MB is 28.34% used. This is a

user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this

database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of

space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.

Thu Nov 13 17:22:13 CST 2014

Completed: alter database open

从上面我们看出。一切正常，数据库成功恢复了。可是：

SQL> conn logging/logging

Connected.

SQL> select * from nolog;

select * from nolog

              *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 44)

ORA-01110: data file 5: '/home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/logging01.dbf'

ORA-26040: Data block was loaded using the NOLOGGING option

数据库报错，看来恢复成功并不一定数据库就是正常的。

再看一下，日志的的dump内容，

[oraten@yue udump]$ strings oraten_ora_10509.trc | grep oad

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

Direct Loader invalidate block range redo entry

看来日志中对nologging是有记录的，在rman恢复时，会依据记录将某些块设置为逻辑损坏。

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