BDD Cucumber 实战

cucumber

cucumber 是一个用于执行 BDD 的自动化测试工具。

用户指南

创建 Spring Boot 项目并引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>

        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

        <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>

        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->

    </parent>

    <groupId>org.zxd</groupId>

    <artifactId>behavior-driven-development-in-action</artifactId>

    <version>1.0.0</version>

    <name>behavior-driven-development-in-action</name>

    <description>behavior-driven-development-in-action</description>

    <properties>

        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

        <cucumber.version>4.2.0</cucumber.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.guava/guava -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>

            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>

            <version>27.0-jre</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>

            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>

            <optional>true</optional>

        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>

            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>

            <version>2.6</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>

            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>

            <version>3.8.1</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-collections4 -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>

            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>

            <version>4.2</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>

            <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>

            <version>${cucumber.version}</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>

            <artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>

            <version>${cucumber.version}</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>

            <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>

            <version>${cucumber.version}</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>

            <artifactId>cucumber-spring</artifactId>

            <version>${cucumber.version}</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

            <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

            </plugin>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

                <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>

                <configuration>

                    <source>1.8</source>

                    <target>1.8</target>

                </configuration>

                <executions>

                    <execution>

                        <phase>integration-test</phase>

                        <goals>

                            <goal>java</goal>

                        </goals>

                        <configuration>

                            <classpathScope>test</classpathScope>

                            <mainClass>org.zxd.bdd.cucumber.CucumberTest.java</mainClass>

                            <arguments>

                                <argument>--plugin</argument>

                                <argument>pretty</argument>

                                <argument>--glue</argument>

                                <argument>src/test/resources/</argument>

                            </arguments>

                        </configuration>

                    </execution>

                </executions>

            </plugin>

        </plugins>

    </build>

</project>

编写特性文件 TodoList.feature

#Author: zxd

#Keywords 概要

#Feature: 场景列表

#Scenario: 通过带有参数的步骤列表验证业务规则

#Given: 一些前置步骤

#When: 执行核心操作

#Then: 验证结果

#And,But: 列举更多的步骤

#Scenario Outline: 数据驱动的步骤列表

#Examples: Container for s table

#Background: 在每个场景之前运行的步骤列表

#""" (Doc Strings)

#| (Data Tables)

#@ (Tags/Labels):场景分组

#<> (placeholder)

#""

## (Comments)

#Sample Feature Definition Template

@tag

Feature: 任务特性

  @tag1

  Scenario Outline: 执行任务

    Given 任务列表有 <total> 个任务

    When 我完成了 <done> 个

    Then 任务列表还剩下 <left> 个任务

        Examples:

            | total | done | left |

            | 5         | 2      | 3        |

实现该特性

@Builder

@Getter

public class TodoList {

    private int total;

    public void doTask(int count) {

        if (count > total || count < 0) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("count is invalid "+count);

        }

        total = total - count;

    }

}

配置测试组件

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)

/**

 * features 用于指定特性文件的根目录

 * plugin 用于指定报告插件

 */

@CucumberOptions(features = "src/test/resources", plugin = { "pretty", "html:target/cucumber-report/",

"json:target/cucumber-report/cucumber.json" })

public class CucumberTest {

}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration(classes = BehaviorDrivenDevelopmentInActionApplication.class)

@WebAppConfiguration

@SpringBootTest

public class BaseDefs{}

编写测试规范

public class TodoListTest extends BaseDefs {

    TodoList todoList;

    @Given("^任务列表有 (\\d+) 个任务$")

    public void given(int total) throws Throwable {

        todoList = TodoList.builder().total(total).build();

    }

    @When("^我完成了 (\\d+) 个$")

    public void when(int done) throws Throwable {

        todoList.doTask(done);

    }

    @Then("^任务列表还剩下 (\\d+) 个任务$")

    public void then(int left) throws Throwable {

        assertEquals(left, todoList.getTotal());

    }

}

运行测试用例

选中 CucumberTest 运行测试并查看报告

巴特西

BDD Cucumber 实战

cucumber

用户指南

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