基本聊天程序

先来个基本的测试例子：

Main.py

from asyncore import dispatcher

import socket,asyncore

PORT = 11223

class ChatServer(dispatcher):

    def __init__(self, port):

        dispatcher.__init__(self)

        self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET ,socket.SOCK_STREAM)

        self.set_reuse_addr()

        self.bind(('',port))

        self.listen(5)

    def handle_accept(self):

        conn,addr = self.accept()

        print ('Connection attempt from',addr[0])

if __name__ == '__main__':

    s = ChatServer(PORT)

    try:asyncore.loop()

except KeyboardInterrupt:pass

上面是服务器段程序，接受到连接之后马上在服务器上显示对方IP，但是不保持连接。客户端测试的话很简单，可以自己写一个socket的连接，也可以为了省事直接本地开启telnet就行了，开启telnet的方法是，在开始菜单里搜索：

然后确定，之后cmd里直接telnet就行了。

运行上面的main.py,然后客户端链接服务端：

Cmd->telnet : open 127.0.0.1 11223

上面就是一个最基本的Python服务器脚本流程。接下来实现一个基本的聊天程序用来练手。

实现的基本功能（虚拟茶会话）测试环境python 3.6.0[python基础教程上的代码不能直接在3.6.0版本上跑，以下是改过的虚拟茶会话]

功能：

logout 退出房间

say XXXX 发言

look 查看同一个房间内的人

who 查看谁登陆了当前服务器

测试截图

简单说下设计结构：

CommandHandler类：处理命令的，函数存在则执行，不存在则直接走unknown函数。结合着try和getattr函数python可以直接尝试去执行一个不确定存不存在的函数。[我一直在想，别的语言要怎么实现这个东西，是创建虚拟工厂？对了想起来了，干脆就创建一些函数，然后把函数名字格式化封装在一个void指针容器里的了。函数格式化要统一]

Room类：表示一个房间，里面有一些对房间人[链接]数据结构的增加删除操作，同时还有相关广播函数，用于把消息发给所有人。

LoginRoom类，里面有成功登陆房间，登陆房间失败以及登陆操作，比如问候登陆者，同时通知别人有人登陆等细节。

LogoutRoom类，登出房间类，用户登出房间时候进行的一些数据结构处理。

ChatRoom类，聊天室类，主要就是封装了一些功能函数。比如say look who等等。

ChatSession，ChatServer 类基本的服务器程序需要的，分别继承async_chat和dispatcher，处理一些服务器参数，以及重载设置一些处理函数等。

详细代码如下[注意本代码测试于python3.6.0]

#!/usr/bin/env python3

__author__ = 'tcstory'

from asyncore import dispatcher

from asynchat import async_chat

import socket, asyncore

PORT=5005

NAME='TestChat'

class EndSession(Exception): pass

class CommandHandler:

    '''

    Simple command handler similar to cmd.Cmd from the standard library

    '''

    def unknown(self, session, cmd):

        'Respond to an unknown command'

        session.push('Unkonw command: {0}\r\n'.format(cmd).encode())

    def handle(self, session, line):

        'Handle a received line from a given session'

        if not line.strip():

            return

        #Split off the command

        parts = line.split(' ', 1)

        cmd = parts[0]

        try:

            line=parts[1].strip()

        except IndexError:

            line=''

        #Try to find a handler

        meth=getattr(self,'do_'+cmd,None)

        try:

            #Assume it's callable

            meth(session,line)

        except TypeError:

            #If it isn't ,respond to the unknown command

            self.unknown(session,cmd)

class Room(CommandHandler):

    '''

    A generic environment that may contain one or more users(sessions).it takes care of basic command handling and broadcasting.

    '''

    def __init__(self,server):

        self.server=server

        self.sessions=[]

    def add(self,session):

        'A session(user) has entered the room'

        self.sessions.append(session)

    def remove(self,session):

        'A session (user) has left the room'

        self.sessions.remove(session)

    def broadcast(self,line):

        'Send a line to all sessions in the room'

        for session in self.sessions:

            session.push(line.encode())

    def do_logout(self,session,line):

        'Respond to the logout command'

        raise EndSession

class LoginRoom(Room):

    '''

    A room meant for a single person who has just connected

    '''

    def add(self,session):

        Room.add(self,session)

        #When a user enters,greet him/her

        self.broadcast('Welcome to {0}\r\n'.format(self.server.name))

    def unknown(self, session, cmd):

        #All unknown commands (anything except login or logout)

        #results in a prodding

        session.push('Please log in\nUse "login <nick>"\r\n'.encode())

    def do_login(self,session,line):

        name=line.strip()

        #Make sure the user has entered a name

        if not name:

            session.push('Please enter a name\r\n'.encode())

        #Make sure that the name isn't in use

        elif name in self.server.users:

            session.push('The name {0} is taken.\r\n'.format(name).encode())

            session.push('Please try again.\r\n'.encode())

        else:

            #The name is OK,os it is stored in the session.and

            #the user is moved into the main room

            session.name=name

            session.enter(self.server.main_room)

class ChatRoom(Room):

    '''

    A room meant for multiple users who can chat with the others in the room

    '''

    def add(self,session):

        #Notify everyone that a new user has entered

        self.broadcast('{0} has entered the room.\r\n'.format(session.name))

        self.server.users[session.name]=session

        Room.add(self,session)

    def remove(self,session):

        Room.remove(self,session)

        #Notify everyone that a user has left

        self.broadcast('{0} has left the room.\r\n'.format(session.name))

    def do_say(self,session,line):

        self.broadcast(('{0}: '+line+'\r\n').format(session.name))

    def do_look(self,session,line):

        'Handles the look command,used to see who is in a room'

        session.push('The following are in this room:\r\n'.encode())

        for other in self.sessions:

            session.push('{0}\r\n'.format(other.name).encode())

    def do_who(self,session,line):

        'Handles the who command ,used to see who is logged in'

        session.push('The following are logged in:\r\n'.encode())

        for name in self.server.users:

            session.push('{0}\r\n'.format(name).encode())

class LogoutRoom(Room):

    '''

    A simple room for a single user.Its sole purpose is to remove the user's name from the server

    '''

    def add(self,session):

        #When a session (user) enters the LogoutRoom it is deleted

        try:

            del self.server.users[session.name]

        except KeyError:

            pass

class ChatSession(async_chat):

    '''

    A single session,which takes care of the communication with a single user

    '''

    def __init__(self,server,sock):

        # async_chat.__init__(self,sock)

        super().__init__(sock)

        self.server=server

        self.set_terminator(b'\r\n')

        self.data=[]

        self.name=None

        #All sessions begin in a separate LoginRoom

        self.enter(LoginRoom(server))

    def enter(self,room):

        # Remove self from current room and add self to next room....

        try:

            cur=self.room

        except AttributeError:pass

        else:

            cur.remove(self)

        self.room=room

        room.add(self)

    def collect_incoming_data(self, data):

         self.data.append(data.decode('utf-8'))

    def found_terminator(self):

        line=''.join(self.data)

        self.data=[]

        try:

            self.room.handle(self,line)

        except EndSession:

            self.handle_close()

    def handle_close(self):

        async_chat.handle_close(self)

        self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))

class ChatServer(dispatcher):

    '''

    A chat server with a single room

    '''

    def __init__(self,port,name):

        super().__init__()

        # dispatcher.__init__(self)

        self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)

        self.set_reuse_addr()

        self.bind(('',port))

        self.listen(5)

        self.name=name

        self.users={}

        self.main_room=ChatRoom(self)

    def handle_accept(self):

        conn,addr=self.accept()

        ChatSession(self,conn)

if __name__=='__main__':

    s=ChatServer(PORT,NAME)

    try:

        asyncore.loop()

    except KeyboardInterrupt:

        print()

巴特西

Python练习2-基本聊天程序-虚拟茶会话

基本聊天程序

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