8.drf-序列化器
2024-09-03 18:18:19
在序列化类中,如果想使用request,则可以通过self.context['request']获取
序列化器的主要由两大功能
- 对请求的数据进行校验(底层调用的是Django的Form和ModelForm)
- 对数据库查询的数据进行序列化
1.数据的校验
注意自定义的钩子函数中的参数value,对于FK或者M2M的字段,是一个对象而不是文本
1.1Serializer
基于Serializer类,类似Django中的Form
import re
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.views import Response
from rest_framework import serializers
from django.core.validators import EmailValidator class MyEmailValidator(object):
def __init__(self, base):
self.base = base def __call__(self, value):
match_object = re.match(self.base, value)
if not match_object:
raise serializers.ValidationError('格式错误') class UserSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
username = serializers.CharField(label='姓名', min_length=6, max_length=32)
age = serializers.IntegerField(label='年龄', min_value=0, max_value=200)
level = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=((1, '董事长'), (2, '经理'), (3, '员工')))
email1 = serializers.EmailField(label='邮箱1')
email2 = serializers.CharField(label='邮箱2', validators=[EmailValidator, ])
email3 = serializers.CharField(label='邮箱3')
email4 = serializers.CharField(label='邮箱4', validators=[MyEmailValidator(r"^w+@\w+\.\w+$")]) def validate_email3(self, value):
"钩子函数"
if not re.match(r"^w+@\w+\.\w+$", value):
raise serializers.ValidationError('格式错误')
return value class User(APIView):
def get(self, request):
return Response({'code':0, 'data':'创建成功'}) def post(self, request):
ser = UserSerializer(data=request.data)
if not ser.is_valid():
return Response({'code':1006, 'data':ser.errors})
print(ser.validated_data)
return Response({'code':0, 'data':'创建成功'})
1.2 ModelSerializer
基于ModelSerializer类,类似Django中的ModelForm
import re
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.views import Response
from rest_framework import serializers class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta:
model = UserInfo
# fields = '__all__'
fields = ['username', 'age', 'email', 'password', 'level', 'depart', 'roles'] class User(APIView):
def get(self, request):
return Response({'code': 0, 'data': '创建成功'}) def post(self, request):
ser = UserModelSerializer(data=request.data)
if not ser.is_valid():
return Response({'code': 1006, 'data': ser.errors})
ser.save()
print(ser.validated_data)
return Response({'code': 0, 'data': '创建成功'})
2.序列化
通过ORM从数据库中获取QuerySet或者对象,然后序列化为json格式的数据
模型类
from django.db import models # Create your models here.
class Role(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='名称', max_length=32) class Department(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='名称', max_length=32) class UserInfo(models.Model):
level_choices = ((1, '普通会员'), (2, 'VIP'), (3, 'SVIP'))
level = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='级别', choices=level_choices, default=1) username = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户名', max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name='密码', max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='年龄', default=18)
email = models.CharField(verbose_name='邮箱', max_length=64)
token = models.CharField(verbose_name='TOKEN', max_length=64, null=True, blank=True) depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='部门', to='Department', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
roles = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='角色', to="Role")
2.1 基本使用
序列化的是一个queryset,则many=True
序列化的是一个对象,则many=False
视图类
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.views import Response
from rest_framework import serializers from web.models import UserInfo class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ['username', 'age', 'email'] class User(APIView):
def get(self, request):
"""获取用户列表"""
queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = UserModelSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)
return Response({'code': 0, 'data': ser.data})
2.2 自定义字段
将数据库中的choice字段显示中文,如level_text
将ForeignKey字段显示,如depart
自定义字段,如extra,
如果类中自定义的字段名和数据库的一样,则覆盖掉数据库的字段,如depart
extra = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_extra(self,obj):
return 666
1 from rest_framework.views import APIView
2 from rest_framework.views import Response
3 from rest_framework import serializers
4 from django.core.validators import EmailValidator
5
6 from web.models import UserInfo, Department, Role
7
8
9 class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
10 level_text = serializers.CharField(source="get_level_display")
11 depart = serializers.CharField(source="depart.title")
12
13
14 extra = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
15 class Meta:
16 model = UserInfo
17 fields = ['username', 'age', 'email', 'level_text', 'depart', 'extra']
18
19
20 def get_extra(self,obj):
21 return 666
22
23
24 class User(APIView):
25 def get(self, request):
26 """获取用户列表"""
27
28 queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
29 ser = UserModelSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)
30 return Response({'code': 0, 'data': ser.data})
2.3 序列化的嵌套
在一个序列化类中,可以嵌套另外一个序列化类
视图
import re
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.views import Response
from rest_framework import serializers
from django.core.validators import EmailValidator from web.models import UserInfo, Department, Role class DepartModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Department
fields = '__all__' class RoleModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Role
fields = '__all__' class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
depart = DepartModelSerializer()
roles = RoleModelSerializer(many=True) class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ['username', 'age', 'email', 'depart', 'roles'] class User(APIView):
def get(self, request):
"""获取用户列表""" queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = UserModelSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)
return Response({'code': 0, 'data': ser.data})
3.数据校验&序列化
有时候我们的序列化类可能既要序列化数据,也要校验数据,并且这是常有的,我们就需要给字段设置只读,只写或者可读可写来决定某个字段在序列化或者校验时是否使用本身
- read_only= True
- write_only = True
- 即可读也可写
注意:
如果有嵌套的Serializer,在进行数据校验时,只有两种选择:
1. 将嵌套的序列化设置成 read_only
2. 自定义create和update方法,自定义新建和更新的逻辑
4.源码分析
4.1 类的定义
4.2 序列化
4.3 数据检验
4.4 数据保存
最新文章
- [Java 进阶]Java中的国际化
- Sqoop1.4.6配置和使用
- MATLAB学习笔记(三)——程序设计
- ASP.NET 开发笔记1
- python 安装 setuptools Compression requires the (missing) zlib module 的解决方案
- windows下使用VirtualEnv
- Lync安装随笔
- apache学习
- LeetCode_Unique Paths
- BZOJ 3479: [Usaco2014 Mar]Watering the Fields( MST )
- gulp环境搭建
- 周一01.4安装PyCharm步骤
- asp.net core 同时添加Identity和Bearer认证
- MySQL中InnoDB锁不住表的原因
- 【转载】sql monitor
- layui tips
- 【MySQL】MySQL中查询出数据表中存在重复的值list
- 学习笔记8—MATLAB中奇异值处理办法
- Morris
- MarginTop 为何影响父元素的 MarginTop(转)
热门文章
- Spring MVC组件之HandlerAdapter
- 如何高效解决 C++内存问题,Apache Doris 实践之路|技术解析
- KingbaseES V8R3集群管理维护案例之---集群迁移单实例架构
- KingbaseES V8R3 备份恢复案例之--单实例环境sys_rman脚本备份案例
- 若依代码生成的一个大坑 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL s
- MySQL常用函数整理,建议收藏!
- 第六章:Django 综合篇 - 4:django-admin和manage.py
- Pod的滚动升级过程
- Docker MySql 查看版本的三种方法
- PHP全栈开发(八):CSS Ⅰ 选择器