走进windows编程的世界-----消息处理函数（2）

一 WM_PAINT消息

1 WM_PAINT的产生
   因为窗体的互相覆盖等,产生须要绘制的区域,那么会产生WM_PAINT消息.
   普通情况下,不直接发送WM_PAINT消息,通过API声明须要绘制区域,来产生WM_PAINT消息.
   比如,能够使用InvalidateRect声明一个须要又一次绘制的区域.

2 WM_PAINT的注意点
    2.1 假设一个消息队列中,有多个WM_PAINT消息,仅仅有最后一个WM_PAINT消息会被处理.
    2.2 WM_PAINT消息处理中,要清空须要被绘制的区域. BeginPaint

3 WM_PAINT的使用
    3.1 WM_PAINT開始时,必须调用BeginPaint
    3.2 绘制图形
    3.3 WM_PAINT处理后,必须调用EndPaint

看以下的演示样例代码：

/* File : winpaint.cpp

 * Auth : sjin

 * Date : 20140706

 * Mail : 413977243@qq.com

 */

#include <Windows.h>

#include <stdio.h>

HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;

void OnPaint(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

    PAINTSTRUCT ps = {0};

	/*WM_PAINT開始时。必须调用的*/

    HDC hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

    CHAR szText[] = "Hello WM_PAINT";

	/*在指定的坐标下输出一行字*/

    TextOut(hDC, 100, 100, szText, strlen(szText));

	/*绘制一个矩形*/

    Rectangle(hDC, 200, 200, 300, 300);

	EndPaint(hWnd,&ps);

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

    switch(nMsg)

    {

    case WM_PAINT:

        OnPaint(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam);

		break;

    case WM_DESTROY:

        PostQuitMessage(0);

		return 0;

    }

    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam);

}

BOOL RegisterWnd(LPSTR lpszClassName)

{

    WNDCLASSEX wce = {0};

    wce.cbClsExtra = 0;

    wce.cbSize = sizeof(wce);

    wce.cbWndExtra = 0;

    wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);

    wce.hCursor = NULL;

    wce.hIcon = NULL;

    wce.hIconSm = NULL;

    wce.hInstance = g_hInst;

    wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;

    wce.lpszClassName = lpszClassName;

    wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;

    wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;

    ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx(&wce);

    if(0 == nAtom)

    {

        return FALSE;

    }

    return TRUE;

}

HWND CreateWnd(LPSTR lpszClassName)

{

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,

        lpszClassName, "MyWndPaint", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,

        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

        NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);

    return hWnd;

}

void DisplayWnd(HWND hWnd)

{

    ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);

    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

}

void Message()

{

    MSG msg = {0};

    while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))

    {

        TranslateMessage(&msg);

        DispatchMessage(&msg);

    }

}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,

                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,

                     int       nCmdShow)

{

     g_hInst = hInstance;

    RegisterWnd("MyWndPaint");

    HWND hWnd = CreateWnd("MyWndPaint");

    DisplayWnd(hWnd);

    Message();

    return 0;

}

三键盘消息

1 键盘消息
按键消息
    WM_KEYDOWN 当键被按下时产生
    WM_KEYUP 当键被释放时产生
    WM_SYSKEYDOWN 当系统键被按下时产生 ALT/F10
    WM_SYSKEYUP 当系统键释放时产生
    字符消息
    WM_CHAR 当有字符键被按下时产生
      TranslateMessage会将WM_KEYDOWN消息中,能够显示的按键,转换成WM_CHAR的消息
2 消息參数
    WPARAM - 虚拟键码
    LPARAM - 相关的按键信息.

3 消息的使用
    3.1 当有按键消息时,首先进入系统消息队列,然后被程序的消息循环获取.
    3.2 消息的处理
4 键盘消息的顺序
    对于可显示字符: WM_KEYDOWN,WM_CHAR,WM_KEYUP
    对于不可显示字符: WM_KEYDOWN,WM_KEYUP
    对于系统键:WM_SYSKEYDOWN,WM_SYSKEYUP
    假设按键一直不释放,会反复产生
         WM_KEYDOWN(WM_CHAR)

/* File : winKeyboard.cpp

 * Auth : sjin

 * Date : 2014-07-06

 * Mail : 413977243@qq.com

 */

#include <Windows.h>

#include <stdio.h>

HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;

HANDLE g_hStdOut = NULL;

LRESULT CALLBACK WinProc(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

    switch(nMsg)

    {

    case WM_KEYDOWN:/*键盘按下*/

        {

            CHAR szText[] = "WM_KEYDOWN\n";

            switch(wParam)

            {

            case VK_LEFT:

            case VK_RIGHT:

            case VK_UP:

            case VK_DOWN:

                WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL);

                break;

            }

        }

        break;

    case WM_KEYUP:/*键盘抬起*/

        {

            CHAR szText[] = "WM_KEYUP\n";

            WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL); break;

        }

        break;

    case WM_SYSKEYDOWN:/*系统键按下*/

        {

            CHAR szText[] = "WM_SYSKEYDOWN\n";

            WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL); break;

        }

        break;

    case WM_SYSKEYUP:/*系统键抬起*/

        {

            CHAR szText[] = "WM_SYSKEYUP\n";

            WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL); break;

        }

        break;

    case WM_CHAR:/*字符键盘*/

        {

            CHAR szText[260] = {0};

            sprintf(szText, "WM_CHAR: %c\n", wParam);

            WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL); break;

        }

        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:

        PostQuitMessage(0); return 0;

    }

    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam);

}

BOOL ResiterWnd(LPSTR lpszClassName)

{

    WNDCLASSEX wce = {0};

    wce.cbClsExtra = 0;

    wce.cbSize = sizeof(wce);

    wce.cbWndExtra = 0;

    wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_BTNFACE+1);

    wce.hCursor = NULL;

    wce.hIcon = NULL;

    wce.hIconSm = NULL;

    wce.hInstance = g_hInst;

    wce.lpfnWndProc = WinProc;

    wce.lpszClassName = lpszClassName;

    wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;

    wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;

    ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx(&wce);

    if(0==nAtom)

    {

        return FALSE;

    }

    return TRUE;

}

HWND CreateWnd(LPSTR lpszClassName)

{

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0, lpszClassName, "MyWnd",

        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,

        NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);

    return hWnd;

}

void ShowWnd(HWND hWnd)

{

    ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);

    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

}

void Message()

{

    MSG msg = {0};

    while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))

    {

        TranslateMessage(&msg);

        DispatchMessage(&msg);

    }

}

void NewConsole()

{

	/*产生控制台*/

    AllocConsole();

	/*获得控制台标准输出流句柄*/

    g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

    CHAR szText[] = "Debug Message......:\n";

	/*将szText 写到控制台*/

    WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL);

}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,

                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,

                     int       nCmdShow)

{

	/*产生命令行窗体。用来调试程序*/

    NewConsole();

     g_hInst = hInstance;

    ResiterWnd("MyWnd");

    HWND hWnd = CreateWnd("MyWnd");

    ShowWnd(hWnd);

    Message();

    return 0;

}

三鼠标消息

1 鼠标消息
    1) 基本鼠标消息
    WM_LBUTTONDOWN   左键按下
    WM_LBUTTONUP     左键抬起
    WM_RBUTTONDOWN   右键按下
    WM_RBUTTONUP     右键抬起
    WM_MOUSEMOVE     鼠标移动
    2) 双击消息
    WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK 左键双击
    WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK 右键双击
    3) 滚轮消息
    WM_MOUSEWHEEL    鼠标滚轮

2 消息的參数
    WPARAM - 当前键盘和鼠标按键状态，比如MK_CONTROL/MK_SHIFT,MK_LBUTTON等
    LPARAM - 当前鼠标的坐标,坐标的原点是窗体客户区的左上角.
       X坐标 - LOWORD(lParam),低16位
       Y坐标 - HIWORD(lParam),高16位
    參数详细内容和详细鼠标消息有略微不同.

3 消息的使用

    3.1 基本鼠标消息,仅仅需在窗体处理函数添加消息处理就可以. 当消息来临,获取鼠标和按键状态.比如:

case WM_MOUSEMOVE:

{

    int nX = LOWORD(lParam);

    int nY = HIWORD(lParam);

}

附:坐标转换的函数 ClientToScreen能够将鼠标坐标转换为屏幕的坐标.

3.2 双击消息
   3.2.1 窗体注冊要添加 CS_DBLCLKS 类型
    wce.style = CS_DBLCLKS|...;
   3.2.2 在窗体处理函数中添加消息处理
   3.2.3 产生过程,比如:WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK
      WM_LBUTTONDOWN
      WM_LBUTTONUP
      WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK
      WM_LBUTTONUP
      连续两次LBUTTONDOWN的时间间隔小于预定的双击时间间隔,就会产生LBUTTONDBLCLK消息.
      双击时间间隔能够通过控制面板调整.

3.3 滚轮消息
  3.3.1 因为WM_MOUSEWHEEL须要Winnt4.0以上版本号支持,所以须要包括在windows.h的头文件前,添加 _WIN32_WINNT 宏定义,
        #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400
    3.3.2 在窗体处理函数中添加消息处理
    3.3.3 參数
     LPARAM 与其他鼠标消息类同
     WPARAM - LOWORD(WPARAM) 表示按键状态
              HIWORD(WPARAM) 滚轮滚动幅度,
                120的倍数,能够为正负值.
        正值: 滚轮向上滚动, 一般窗体向上滚动
        负值: 滚轮向下滚动, 一般窗体向下滚动

/* File : winCursor.cpp

 * Auth : sjin

 * Date : 2014-07-06

 * Mail : 413977243@qq.com

 */

#include <Windows.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int g_nXPos = 0;

int g_nYPos = 0;

int g_nX1Rect = 0;

int g_nY1Rect = 0;

int g_nX2Rect = 0;

int g_nY2Rect = 0;

HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;

HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;

void PrintLog(LPSTR lpszLog)

{

    WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, lpszLog, strlen(lpszLog), NULL, NULL);

}

void OnPaint(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

    PAINTSTRUCT ps = {0};

    HDC hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

    CHAR szText[] = "Hello Mouse 12123";

    TextOut(hDC, g_nXPos, g_nYPos, szText, strlen(szText));

    Rectangle(hDC, g_nX1Rect, g_nY1Rect, g_nX2Rect, g_nY2Rect);

    EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,

                          UINT nMsg,

                          WPARAM wParam,

                          LPARAM lParam )

{

    switch( nMsg )

    {

    case WM_PAINT:

        OnPaint(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam); break;

    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:/*鼠标左键按下*/

        {

            PrintLog("WM_LBUTTONDOWN\n");

            g_nX1Rect = LOWORD(lParam);

            g_nY1Rect = HIWORD(lParam);

        }

        break;

    case WM_LBUTTONUP:/*鼠标左键抬起*/

        {

            PrintLog("WM_LBUTTONUP\n");

            g_nX2Rect = LOWORD(lParam);

            g_nY2Rect = HIWORD(lParam);

			/*窗体更新区域加入一个矩形。背景将会擦出

			 * 会触发WM_PAINT消息。

			 */

            InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, TRUE);

        }

        break;

    case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:/*鼠标右键按下*/

        PrintLog("WM_RBUTTONDOWN\n");

        break;

    case WM_RBUTTONUP:/*鼠标右键抬起*/

        PrintLog("WM_RBUTTONUP\n");

        break;

    case WM_MOUSEMOVE:/*鼠标移动*/

        {

            int nX = LOWORD(lParam);

            int nY = HIWORD(lParam);

            POINT ptScreen = {0};

            ptScreen.x = nX;

            ptScreen.y = nY;

			/*函数将指定点，或者矩形的用户坐标转换成屏幕坐标*/

            ClientToScreen(hWnd, &ptScreen);

            CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };

            sprintf( szText,

                "WM_MOUSEMOVE: X=%d(%d),Y=%d(%d)\n",

                nX, ptScreen.x, nY, ptScreen.y );

            PrintLog( szText );

            if( wParam & MK_CONTROL )

            {

                PrintLog( "WM_MOUSEMOVE: MK_CONTROL\n" );

            }

            if( wParam & MK_LBUTTON )

            {

                PrintLog( "WM_MOUSEMOVE: MK_LBUTTON\n" );

            }

            g_nXPos = LOWORD(lParam);

            g_nYPos = HIWORD(lParam);

            //InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, TRUE );

        }

        break;

    case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:/*左键双击*/

        PrintLog( "WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK\n" );

        break;

    case WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK:/*右键双击*/

        PrintLog( "WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK\n" );

        break;

    case WM_MOUSEWHEEL:/*鼠标滚轮移动*/

        {

            short nDelta = HIWORD(wParam);

            int nX = LOWORD(lParam);

            int nY = HIWORD(lParam);

            CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };

            sprintf( szText,

                "WM_MOUSEWHEEL: Detla=%d, X=%d,Y=%d\n",

                nDelta, nX, nY );

            PrintLog( szText );

        }

        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:

        PostQuitMessage( 0 );

        break;

    }

    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,

        wParam, lParam );

}

BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )

{

    WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };

    wce.cbSize          = sizeof( wce );

    wce.cbClsExtra      = 0;

    wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;

    wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);

    wce.hCursor          = NULL;

    wce.hIcon          = NULL;

    wce.hIconSm       = NULL;

    wce.hInstance      = g_hInst;

    wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;

    wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;

    wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;

    wce.style         = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_DBLCLKS;

    ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );

    if( 0 == nAtom )

    {

        return FALSE;

    }

    return TRUE;

}

HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )

{

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,

        pszClassName, "MyWnd",

        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,

        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

        CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL,

        g_hInst, NULL );

    return hWnd;

}

void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )

{

    ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );

    UpdateWindow( hWnd );

}

void Message( )

{

    MSG msg = { 0 };

    while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )

    {

        TranslateMessage( &msg );

        DispatchMessage( &msg );

    }

}

void NewConsole()

{

	/*产生控制台*/

    AllocConsole();

	/*获得控制台标准输出流句柄*/

    g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

    CHAR szText[] = "[sjin] Debug Message......:\n";

	/*将szText 写到控制台*/

    WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL);

}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,

                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,

                     int       nCmdShow)

{

     NewConsole( );

     g_hInst = hInstance;

    RegisterWnd( "MyWnd" );

    HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MyWnd" );

    DisplayWnd( hWnd );

    Message( );

    return 0;

}

巴特西

走进windows编程的世界-----消息处理函数（2）

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