本文解决问题如下：

设置root账号密码
开启root账号ssh连接
开启ssh语法高亮
解决vi编辑界面不允许复制问题

一、准备工作

1、下载官网qcow2镜像文件

wget https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/OpenStack/10.2.0/debian-10.2.0-openstack-amd64.qcow2

镜像文件信息

[debian-10.2-cloud]

name=Debian 10.2. (Buster) Cloud

osinfo=debian10

arch=x86_64

file=debian-10.2.-openstack-amd64.qcow2

checksum[sha512]=296ad8345cb49e52464a0cb8bf4365eb0b9e4220c47ebdd73d134d51effc756d5554aee15027fffd038fef4ad5fa984c94208bce60572d58b2ab26f74bb2a5de

format=qcow2

size=

revision=

notes=Debian 10.2. (Buster).

 This is a Debian installation, suited for running as OpenStack guest.

2、使用openssl passwd -1 生成加密的密码：-1表示使用MD5算法对密码进行加密

[root@support01 ~]# openssl passwd -

$$HDUWloxk$IZuLRX39Oa31T4YzCrCHL1

3、使用guestfish命令进入交互命令界面依次执行run、list-filesystems、mount等指令

guestfish --rw -a debian-10.2.-openstack-amd64.qcow2

Welcome to guestfish, the guest filesystem shell for

editing virtual machine filesystems and disk images.

Type: 'help' for help on commands

      'man' to read the manual

      'quit' to quit the shell

><fs> run

><fs> list-filesystems

/dev/sda1: ext4

><fs> mount /dev/sda1 /

><fs>

二、修改root账号密码

编辑/etc/shadow

><fs> vi /etc/shadow

root:*:::::::

daemon:*:::::::

bin:*:::::::

sys:*:::::::

sync:*:::::::

games:*:::::::

man:*:::::::

lp:*:::::::

mail:*:::::::

news:*:::::::

uucp:*:::::::

proxy:*:::::::

www-data:*:::::::

backup:*:::::::

list:*:::::::

irc:*:::::::

gnats:*:::::::

nobody:*:::::::

_apt:*:::::::

systemd-timesync:*:::::::

systemd-network:*:::::::

systemd-resolve:*:::::::

messagebus:*:::::::

unscd:*:::::::

ntp:*:::::::

sshd:*:::::::

将root:后面的第一个*替换为第二步加密之后的密码

替换后第一行为/etc/shadow第一行为

root:$$HDUWloxk$IZuLRX39Oa31T4YzCrCHL1:::::::

三、开启root账号ssh远程登录

编辑/etc/ssh/sshd_config，在vi中:set number开启行号

><fs> vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

第32行

#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password

释放掉注释，并修改值为yes，调整完之后第32行为

PermitRootLogin yes

第56行

#PasswordAuthentication yes

释放掉注释，调整完之后第56行为

PasswordAuthentication yes

四、修改apt源，（qcow2注册到OpenStack之后启动虚拟机源还是默认的，目前原因未知，可待虚拟机启动后执行下列修改）

编辑/etc/apt/sources.list，将替换为以下内容

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free

五、开启ssh语法高亮以及内置命令别名

编辑/root/.bashrc，1、3、4、8、15行为说明注释，除此之外释放所有注释

><fs> vi /root/.bashrc

编辑之前内容为：

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash() for non-login shells.

# Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not

# need this unless you want different defaults for root.

# PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$ '

# umask 

# You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:

# export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'

# eval "`dircolors`"

# alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'

# alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'

# alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'

#

# Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:

# alias rm='rm -i'

# alias cp='cp -i'

# alias mv='mv -i'

编辑之后内容为：

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash() for non-login shells.

# Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not

# need this unless you want different defaults for root.

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$ '

umask 

# You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:

export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'

eval "`dircolors`"

alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'

alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'

alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'

#

# Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:

alias rm='rm -i'

alias cp='cp -i'

alias mv='mv -i'

六、允许在vi窗口中复制文本

><fs> vi /usr/share/vim/vim81/defaults.vim

78、79、80三行内容为：

if has('mouse')

  set mouse=a

endif

在“=”前面添加一个“-”，编辑后内容为：

if has('mouse')

  set mouse-=a

endif

最后执行quit命令退出guestfish，将qcow2镜像文件注册到openstack，投递虚拟机实例即可

参考链接：

https://docs.openstack.org/image-guide/modify-images.html#guestfish

https://blog.51cto.com/superzhangqiang/1705678

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42551369/article/details/88946622

http://www.chenshake.com/openstack-mirror-and-password/

巴特西

debian官网qcow2镜像修改root账号密码，开启ssh等