1.代码结构图

xxx

2.bean代码

package com.xxx.bean;

/**

 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.

 * User: zhenwei.liu

 * Date: 13-7-18

 * Time: 上午1:25

 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

 */

public abstract class People {

    protected String name;

    protected int age;

    protected Pet pet;

    public abstract String speak();

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "I am " + name + ", I'm " + age +

                " years old. And I have a pet named " + pet.getName();

    }

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    public int getAge() {

        return age;

    }

    public void setAge(int age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

    public Pet getPet() {

        return pet;

    }

    public void setPet(Pet pet) {

        this.pet = pet;

    }

}

package com.xxx.bean;

/**

 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.

 * User: zhenwei.liu

 * Date: 13-7-18

 * Time: 上午1:28

 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

 */

public class Chinese extends People {

    public Chinese(String name, int age, Pet pet) {

        this.name = name;

        this.age = age;

        this.pet = pet;

    }

    public Chinese() {

    }

    @Override

    public String speak() {

        return "I can speak Chinese";

    }

}

package com.xxx.bean;

import java.util.List;

/**

 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.

 * User: zhenwei.liu

 * Date: 13-7-18

 * Time: 上午2:14

 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

 */

public class American extends People {

    private List<Pet> petList;

    @Override

    public String speak() {

        return "I can speak English!";

    }

    public List<Pet> getPetList() {

        return petList;

    }

    public void setPetList(List<Pet> petList) {

        this.petList = petList;

    }

}

package com.xxx.bean;

/**

 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.

 * User: zhenwei.liu

 * Date: 13-7-18

 * Time: 上午1:26

 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

 */

public abstract class Pet {

    protected String name;

    public abstract String bark();

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "My name is " + name;

    }

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

}

package com.xxx.bean;

/**

 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.

 * User: zhenwei.liu

 * Date: 13-7-18

 * Time: 上午1:28

 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

 */

public class Dog extends Pet {

    public Dog() {

    }

    public Dog(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    @Override

    public String bark() {

        return "Wang wang";

    }

}

package com.xxx.bean;

/**

 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.

 * User: zhenwei.liu

 * Date: 13-7-18

 * Time: 上午1:29

 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

 */

public class Cat extends Pet {

    public Cat() {

    }

    @Override

    public String bark() {

        return "miao";

    }

}

3.applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 构造方法注入示例 -->

    <!-- scope参数表示bean的作用域,如下 -->

    <!-- singleton,默认值,一个bean只有一个实例 -->

    <!-- prototype,每次调用创建一个实例 -->

    <!-- request,每次http请求对应一个实例,仅在Spring MVC上下文有效 -->

    <!-- session,每个session对应一个实例,仅在Spring MVC上下文有效 -->

    <!-- global-session,每个全局session对应一个实例,尽在Portlet上下文有效 -->

    <bean id="chineseA" class="com.xxx.bean.Chinese" scope="prototype">

        <constructor-arg value="Li Lei"/>

        <constructor-arg value="15"/>

        <constructor-arg ref="dogA"/>

    </bean>

    <bean id="dogA" class="com.xxx.bean.Dog">

        <constructor-arg value="Bobby"/>

    </bean>

    <!-- 工厂方法注入示例 -->

    <!-- 如果bena的类型是一个单例模式类 -->

    <!-- 那么注入这个类的方法则是使用其工厂方法生成实例 -->

    <!--<bean id="staticClass" -->

          <!--class="com.xxx.bean.StaticClass"-->

          <!--factory-method="getInstance" />-->

    <!-- 属性注入示例 -->

    <!-- 使用p前缀,直接引入属性或属性引用 -->

    <bean id="chineseB" class="com.xxx.bean.Chinese" scope="prototype"

            p:pet-ref="catA">

        <property name="name" value="Han Meimei" />

        <property name="age" value="18" />

        <!--<property name="pet" ref="catA" />-->

    </bean>

    <bean id="catA" class="com.xxx.bean.Cat"

          p:name="Kitty" />

    <!-- 集合注入示例 -->

    <!-- 集合注入包括List,Set,Map,Properties -->

    <!-- 此处以List为例子,其他不详写 -->

    <bean id="americanA" class="com.xxx.bean.American" scope="prototype">

        <property name="name" value="Michael Johnson" />

        <property name="age" value="28" />

        <property name="pet" ref="dogB" />

        <property name="petList">

            <list>

                <ref bean="dogA" />

                <ref bean="catA" />

            </list>

        </property>

    </bean>

    <bean id="dogB" class="com.xxx.bean.Dog"

          p:name="Cookie" />

</beans>

4.测试代码及结果

package com.xxx.bean;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**

 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.

 * User: zhenwei.liu

 * Date: 13-7-18

 * Time: 上午1:51

 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

 */

public class ConstructInjectTest {

    /**

     * Spring的3种应用上下文介绍

     * ClassPathXmlApplicationContext-从运行时加载类路径下读取XML配置

     * FileSystemXmlApplicationContext-从文件系统读取XML配置文件(绝对路径)

     * XmlWebApplicationContext-从Web应用下读取XML配置文件

     */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        People chinese = (People) ctx.getBean("chineseA");

        Pet dog = chinese.getPet();

        System.out.println(chinese);

        System.out.println(chinese.speak());

        System.out.println(dog);

        System.out.println(dog.bark());

    }

}

I am Li Lei, I'm 15 years old. And I have a pet named Bobby
I can speak Chinese
My name is Bobby
Wang wang

package com.xxx.bean;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**

 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.

 * User: zhenwei.liu

 * Date: 13-7-18

 * Time: 上午2:13

 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

 */

public class PropInjectTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        People chinese = (People) ctx.getBean("chineseB");

        Pet dog = chinese.getPet();

        System.out.println(chinese);

        System.out.println(chinese.speak());

        System.out.println(dog);

        System.out.println(dog.bark());

    }

}

I am Han Meimei, I'm 18 years old. And I have a pet named Kitty
I can speak Chinese
My name is Kitty
miao

package com.xxx.bean;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**

 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.

 * User: zhenwei.liu

 * Date: 13-7-18

 * Time: 上午2:23

 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

 */

public class CollectionInjectTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        American american = (American) ctx.getBean("americanA");

        Pet dog = american.getPet();

        System.out.println(american);

        System.out.println(american.speak());

        System.out.println(dog);

        System.out.println(dog.bark());

        System.out.println(american.getPetList());

    }

}

I am Michael Johnson, I'm 28 years old. And I have a pet named Cookie
I can speak English!
My name is Cookie
Wang wang
[My name is Bobby, My name is Kitty]

自动装配配置

    <!-- 自动装配示例 -->

    <!-- autowire属性表示自动装配bean中的所有属性,也可以和手动装配混合使用 -->

    <!-- byName表示装配属性名与bean id相同的bean -->

    <!-- byType表示装配类型与bean class类型相同的bean -->

    <!-- constructor表示按照构造方法装配,装配规则与byType相同 -->

    <!-- autodetect表示先使用constructor装配,如果没有与构造方法匹配的参数,在使用byType装配 -->

    <!-- 当使用byType有多个符合条件的bean时,可以设置primary=true,表示有多个符合条件bean时使用此bean -->

    <!-- 如果不想让某个bean成被装配,可以设置autowire-candidate=false -->

    <bean id="autoChinese" class="com.xxx.bean.Chinese"

          autowire="byName" >

        <property name="name" value="#{chineseA.name}" />

    </bean>

    <!-- 可以在 beans 标签中配置全局自动装配 default-autowire="byType" -->

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