1. document数据格式

面向文档的搜索分析引擎

(1)应用系统的数据结构都是面向对象的,复杂的
(2)对象数据存储到数据库中,只能拆解开来,变为扁平的多张表,每次查询的时候还得还原回对象格式,相当麻烦
(3)ES是面向文档的,文档中存储的数据结构,与面向对象的数据结构是一样的,基于这种文档数据结构,es可以提供复杂的索引,全文检索,分析聚合等功能
(4)es的document用json数据格式来表达

 public class Employee {

   private String email;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private EmployeeInfo info;
private Date joinDate; } private class EmployeeInfo { private String bio; // 性格
private Integer age;
private String[] interests; // 兴趣爱好 } EmployeeInfo info = new EmployeeInfo();
info.setBio("curious and modest");
info.setAge();
info.setInterests(new String[]{"bike", "climb"}); Employee employee = new Employee();
employee.setEmail("zhangsan@sina.com");
employee.setFirstName("san");
employee.setLastName("zhang");
employee.setInfo(info);
employee.setJoinDate(new Date()); employee对象:里面包含了Employee类自己的属性,还有一个EmployeeInfo对象

两张表:employee表,employee_info表,将employee对象的数据重新拆开来,变成Employee数据和EmployeeInfo数据
employee表:email,first_name,last_name,join_date,4个字段
employee_info表:bio,age,interests,3个字段;此外还有一个外键字段,比如employee_id,关联着employee表

{
"email": "zhangsan@sina.com",
"first_name": "san",
"last_name": "zhang",
"info": {
"bio": "curious and modest",
"age": ,
"interests": [ "bike", "climb" ]
},
"join_date": "2017/01/01"
}

我们就明白了es的document数据格式和数据库的关系型数据格式的区别

2. 电商网站商品管理案例

有一个电商网站,需要为其基于ES构建一个后台系统,提供以下功能:

(1)对商品信息进行CRUD(增删改查)操作
(2)执行简单的结构化查询
(3)可以执行简单的全文检索,以及复杂的phrase(短语)检索
(4)对于全文检索的结果,可以进行高亮显示
(5)对数据进行简单的聚合分析

3. 简单的集群管理

(1)快速检查集群的健康状况

es提供了一套api,叫做cat api,可以查看es中各种各样的数据

GET /_cat/health?v

epoch      timestamp cluster       status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
:: elasticsearch yellow - 50.0% epoch timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
:: elasticsearch green - 100.0% epoch timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
:: elasticsearch yellow - 50.0%

如何快速了解集群的健康状况?green、yellow、red?

  green:每个索引的primary shard和replica shard都是active状态的
  yellow:每个索引的primary shard都是active状态的,但是部分replica shard不是active状态,处于不可用的状态
  red:不是所有索引的primary shard都是active状态的,部分索引有数据丢失了

为什么现在会处于一个yellow状态?

  我们现在就一个笔记本电脑,就启动了一个es进程,相当于就只有一个node。现在es中有一个index,就是kibana自己内置建立的index。由于默认的配置是给每个index分配5个primary shard和5个replica shard,而且primary shard和replica shard不能在同一台机器上(为了容错)。现在kibana自己建立的index是1个primary shard和1个replica shard。当前就一个node,所以只有1个primary shard被分配了和启动了,但是一个replica shard没有第二台机器去启动。做一个小实验:此时只要启动第二个es进程,就会在es集群中有2个node,然后那1个replica shard就会自动分配过去,然后cluster status就会变成green状态。

(2)快速查看集群中有哪些索引

GET /_cat/indices?v

health status index   uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open .kibana rUm9n9wMRQCCrRDEhqneBg .1kb .1kb

(3)简单的索引操作

创建索引:PUT /test_index?pretty

health status index      uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open test_index XmS9DTAtSkSZSwWhhGEKkQ 650b 650b
yellow open .kibana rUm9n9wMRQCCrRDEhqneBg .1kb .1kb
删除索引:DELETE /test_index?pretty

 health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
  yellow open .kibana rUm9n9wMRQCCrRDEhqneBg 1 1 1 0 3.1kb 3.1kb

4. 商品的CRUD操作

(1)新增商品:新增文档,建立索引

PUT /index/type/id
{
"json数据"
} PUT /ecommerce/product/
{
"name" : "gaolujie yagao",
"desc" : "gaoxiao meibai",
"price" : ,
"producer" : "gaolujie producer",
"tags": [ "meibai", "fangzhu" ]
} {
"_index": "ecommerce",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "",
"_version": ,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": ,
"successful": ,
"failed":
},
"created": true
} PUT /ecommerce/product/
{
"name" : "jiajieshi yagao",
"desc" : "youxiao fangzhu",
"price" : ,
"producer" : "jiajieshi producer",
"tags": [ "fangzhu" ]
} PUT /ecommerce/product/
{
"name" : "zhonghua yagao",
"desc" : "caoben zhiwu",
"price" : ,
"producer" : "zhonghua producer",
"tags": [ "qingxin" ]
}

es会自动建立index和type,不需要提前创建,而且es默认会对document每个field都建立倒排索引,让其可以被搜索

(2)查询商品:检索文档

GET /index/type/id
GET /ecommerce/product/ {
"_index": "ecommerce",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "",
"_version": ,
"found": true,
"_source": {
"name": "gaolujie yagao",
"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
"price": ,
"producer": "gaolujie producer",
"tags": [
"meibai",
"fangzhu"
]
}
}

(3)修改商品:替换文档

PUT /ecommerce/product/
{
"name" : "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao",
"desc" : "gaoxiao meibai",
"price" : ,
"producer" : "gaolujie producer",
"tags": [ "meibai", "fangzhu" ]
} {
"_index": "ecommerce",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "",
"_version": ,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": ,
"successful": ,
"failed":
},
"created": true
} {
"_index": "ecommerce",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "",
"_version": ,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": ,
"successful": ,
"failed":
},
"created": false
} PUT /ecommerce/product/
{
"name" : "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao"
}

替换方式有一个不好,即使必须带上所有的field,才能去进行信息的修改

(4)修改商品:更新文档

POST /ecommerce/product//_update
{
"doc": {
"name": "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao"
}
} {
"_index": "ecommerce",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "",
"_version": ,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": ,
"successful": ,
"failed":
}
}

(5)删除商品:删除文档

DELETE /ecommerce/product/

{
"found": true,
"_index": "ecommerce",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "",
"_version": ,
"result": "deleted",
"_shards": {
"total": ,
"successful": ,
"failed":
}
} {
"_index": "ecommerce",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "",
"found": false
}

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