关于docker 基础使用记录
2024-09-02 21:01:18
Docker Hub地址：https://hub.docker.com
Docker Hub 存放着 Docker 及其组件的所有资源。Docker Hub 可以帮助你与同事之间协作，并获得功能完整的 Docker。为此，它提供的服务有：
- Docker 镜像主机
- 用户认证
- 自动镜像构建和工作流程工具，如构建触发器和 web hooks
- 整合了 GitHub 和 BitBucket
常用的命令和功能记录：
1.docker search http //查询镜像 ，http为镜像名称
2.docker pull http //下载镜像
3.docker images ls //查看本地所有存在的镜像
4.docker ps -a //查看本地 开启或未开启的镜像
5.docker run http //启动一个镜像
6.docker run -t -i http /bin/bash //交互式启动镜像 -t代表伪终端 -i代表标准输入 exit；可以推出容器，默认退出后容器关闭
7.docker start http //启动此镜像 stop为停止
8.docker run -d http //指定镜像后台运行
9. docker exec -t -i http bash //进入容器
10.docker export fe523b5ce4e8 >ubuntu.tar //导出容器到本地
11.cat ubuntu.tar |ocker import - test/ubuntu:v1.0 //导入容器快照
实例操作：
1.根据镜像创建一个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hopeful_austin latest b373750484ee About an hour ago 133.3 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 12.04 5b117edd0b76 9 months ago 103.6 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -t -i docker.io/ubuntu:12.04
root@8b0042551f59:/# ifconfig
bash: ifconfig: command not found
2.安装一些命令，然后保存我更新后的镜像，并根据保存的新镜像进入查看是否存在我安装的命令
root@8b0042551f59:/# apt-get update
root@8b0042551f59:/# apt-get install net-tools
root@8b0042551f59:/# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:ac:11:00:03
inet addr:172.17.0.3 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:5311 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:29054244 (29.0 MB) TX bytes:241320 (241.3 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) root@8b0042551f59:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -m="install ifconfig" -a="quanl" 8b0042551f59 quanl/unbuntu:v9
sha256:15590c143fcc9d5c7d5692fdb9df2e4ff134cd124b78cbad348ac53027382f2c
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
quanl/unbuntu v9 15590c143fcc 38 seconds ago 133.1 MB
hopeful_austin latest b373750484ee About an hour ago 133.3 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 12.04 5b117edd0b76 9 months ago 103.6 MB
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -t -i quanl/unbuntu:v9 bash
root@9a51a8960a80:/#
root@9a51a8960a80:/#
root@9a51a8960a80:/# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:ac:11:00:03
inet addr:172.17.0.3 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:508 (508.0 B) TX bytes:508 (508.0 B) lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
3.将保存后的镜像传到docker hub上备份
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9a51a8960a80 quanl/unbuntu:v9 "bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (127) 8 seconds ago cranky_wright
8b0042551f59 docker.io/ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago awesome_golick
117094955ea2 ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Up 14 minutes hopeful_austin
[root@localhost ~]# docker push quanl/unbuntu:v9
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/quanl/unbuntu]
eac11db21faf: Pushed
3efd1f7c01f6: Mounted from quanl/ubuntu
73b4683e66e8: Mounted from quanl/ubuntu
ee60293db08f: Mounted from quanl/ubuntu
9dc188d975fd: Mounted from quanl/ubuntu
58bcc73dcf40: Mounted from quanl/ubuntu
v9: digest: sha256:a5a64a1eb2a5f14841c09f2ee51405905c4051fe7f34363558a6765ac8c48ac7 size: 1571
[root@localhost ~]#
4.删除本地镜像，查找我docker hub上的的镜像并下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi quanl/unbuntu:v9
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "quanl/unbuntu:v9" (must force) - container 9a51a8960a80 is using its referenced image 15590c143fcc
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9a51a8960a80 quanl/unbuntu:v9 "bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (127) 5 minutes ago cranky_wright
8b0042551f59 docker.io/ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/bash" 16 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago awesome_golick
117094955ea2 ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Up 18 minutes hopeful_austin
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 9a51a8960a80
9a51a8960a80
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi quanl/unbuntu:v9
Untagged: quanl/unbuntu:v9
Untagged: quanl/unbuntu@sha256:a5a64a1eb2a5f14841c09f2ee51405905c4051fe7f34363558a6765ac8c48ac7
Deleted: sha256:15590c143fcc9d5c7d5692fdb9df2e4ff134cd124b78cbad348ac53027382f2c
Deleted: sha256:576eb2435ca331eb55e1fe63df789d38be6c058184e0bc249cf20a14d5235ca5
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hopeful_austin latest b373750484ee About an hour ago 133.3 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 12.04 5b117edd0b76 9 months ago 103.6 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker search quanl/unbuntu:v9
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/quanlong/ck-vpn IKEv2 VPN Server for iOS/OSX with zero config 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/quanlong/coreos-pxe-installer Bootstrap CoreOS cluster via PXE in seconds 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/quanlong/gitlab-runner gitlab-ci-multi-runner with automated regi... 1
docker.io docker.io/ntworld/quanly-node-base Base image for nodes in QuanLy project 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/quanl/test pull rom docker images 0
docker.io docker.io/quanlin/docker-whale 0
docker.io docker.io/quanlin/node-web-app 0
docker.io docker.io/quanlong/ckdots Manage dotfiles across all your devices, e... 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/quanlong/worktile-events-to-slack 0 [OK]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull quanl/unbuntu:v9
Trying to pull repository docker.io/quanl/unbuntu ...
v9: Pulling from docker.io/quanl/unbuntu
396e9d6ee8c9: Already exists
403b0fc2e6f1: Already exists
7124ef1a91d2: Already exists
f47441d15565: Already exists
588e8920e707: Already exists
edadee58a8ba: Downloading [===========================> ] 15.62 MB/28.71 MB
挂载数据目录：
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name=liuquan --privileged=true -it -v /letv:/letv docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 /bin/bash
root@9c3348840322:/# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
rootfs 10G 161M 9.9G 2% /
/dev/mapper/docker-253:0-244534-c98505094cc27e988de9eeba4644966f8986a88e95039f47f71640e71c5092bf 10G 161M 9.9G 2% /
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb 8.1T 4.1T 4.1T 51% /letv
/dev/mapper/cl-root 50G 1.5G 49G 3% /etc/resolv.conf
/dev/mapper/cl-root 50G 1.5G 49G 3% /etc/hostname
/dev/mapper/cl-root 50G 1.5G 49G 3% /etc/hosts
shm 64M 0 64M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/cl-root 50G 1.5G 49G 3% /run/secrets
root@9c3348840322:/#
root@9c3348840322:/#
root@9c3348840322:/#
root@9c3348840322:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9c3348840322 docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" 17 seconds ago Exited (0) 4 seconds ago liuquan
286a6354107b docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" 45 seconds ago Exited (0) 27 seconds ago desperate_shirley
cf9e2a661fa6 docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "--privileged=ture /b" 4 minutes ago Created sad_bardeen
48993aefdbcb docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash --privileg" 4 minutes ago Exited (2) 4 minutes ago admiring_shockley
5795128d9e04 docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash --privileg" 5 minutes ago Exited (2) 5 minutes ago rom123
1e3bf90ce70e docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago rom
9a129171fa6e docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (1) 6 minutes ago boring_fermat
0abcc43d34c9 docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (1) 7 minutes ago sharp_shannon
8b0042551f59 docker.io/ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/bash" 46 minutes ago Exited (0) 42 minutes ago awesome_golick
117094955ea2 ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up 48 minutes hopeful_austin
[root@localhost ~]# docker start liuquan
liuquan
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9c3348840322 docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" 32 seconds ago Up 5 seconds liuquan
286a6354107b docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 42 seconds ago desperate_shirley
cf9e2a661fa6 docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "--privileged=ture /b" 4 minutes ago Created sad_bardeen
48993aefdbcb docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash --privileg" 5 minutes ago Exited (2) 5 minutes ago admiring_shockley
5795128d9e04 docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash --privileg" 5 minutes ago Exited (2) 5 minutes ago rom123
1e3bf90ce70e docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago rom
9a129171fa6e docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (1) 6 minutes ago boring_fermat
0abcc43d34c9 docker.io/quanl/unbuntu:v9 "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (1) 7 minutes ago sharp_shannon
8b0042551f59 docker.io/ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/bash" 46 minutes ago Exited (0) 43 minutes ago awesome_golick
117094955ea2 ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up 49 minutes hopeful_austin
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -ti 9c3348840322 bash
设置ssh登录docker
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -ti -p2022:22 --name="ubuntu_rom" --privileged=true -v /letv/Android/:/letv/Android/ yeming_rom /bin/bash 关闭宿主机的selinux 和 iptables 即可登录到docker系统内
ubuntu系统安装后没有ifconfig和ping命令解决：
apt-get install net-tools
apt-get install iputils-ping
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