def tester(start):

     global state

     state = start

     def nested(label):

         global state

         print(label,state)

         state += 1

     return nested # 都声明为全局，只会保存一个副本，会覆盖

 def tester(start):

     state = start

     def nested(label):

         nonlocal state

         print(label,state)

         state += 1

     return nested # Python3 主流 但是作用域只能是嵌套作用域

 class nested():

     def __init__(self,state):

         self.state = state

     def __call__(self,label):

         print(self.state,label)

         self.state += 1 # 有点老了

 def tester(start)：

     def nested(label):

         print(label,nested.state)

         nested.state += 1

     nested.state = start

     return nested  # 未曾用过的黑魔法，这回就知道了