import functools

print(dir(functools))

['MappingProxyType', 'RLock', 'WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS',

'WRAPPER_UPDATES', 'WeakKeyDictionary', '_CacheInfo',

'_HashedSeq', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__',

'__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__',

'_c3_merge', '_c3_mro', '_compose_mro', '_convert',

'_find_impl', '_ge_from_gt', '_ge_from_le', '_ge_from_lt',

'_gt_from_ge', '_gt_from_le', '_gt_from_lt', '_le_from_ge',

'_le_from_gt', '_le_from_lt', '_lru_cache_wrapper', '_lt_from_ge',

 '_lt_from_gt', '_lt_from_le', '_make_key', 'cmp_to_key',

'get_cache_token', 'lru_cache', 'namedtuple', 'partial',

 'partialmethod', 'recursive_repr', 'reduce', 'singledispatch',

'total_ordering', 'update_wrapper', 'wraps'] 

import functools

def showarg(*args, **kw):

    print(args)

    print(kw)

p1 = functools.partial(showarg, 1, 2, 3)

p1()

p1(4, 5, 6)

p1(a='python', b='itcast')

p2 = functools.partial(showarg, a=3, b='linux')

p2()

p2(1, 2)

p2(a='python', b='itcast')

'''

(1, 2, 3)

{}

(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

{}

(1, 2, 3)

{'a': 'python', 'b': 'itcast'}

()

{'a': 3, 'b': 'linux'}

(1, 2)

{'a': 3, 'b': 'linux'}

()

{'a': 'python', 'b': 'itcast'}

'''

def note(func):

    "note function"

    def wrapper():

        "wrapper function"

        print('note something')

        return func()

    return wrapper

@note

def test():

    "test function"

    print('I am test')

test()

print(test.__doc__)

'''

note something

I am test

wrapper function

'''

import functools

def note(func):

    "note function"

    @functools.wraps(func)

    def wrapper():

        "wrapper function"

        print('note something')

        return func()

    return wrapper

@note

def test():

    "test function"

    print('I am test')

test()

print(test.__doc__)

'''

note something

I am test

test function

'''