[root@cs6 ~]# ls /dev/sd* #<=需查看分区前设备的状态。

/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sdb

[root@cs6 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb  #<==不加参数，直接接设备名就可以分区。

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x34d8eef3.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to  #<==提示使用-c关闭dos兼容模式。

         sectors (command 'u').       #<==提示-u参数使用扇区为单位分区。

Command (m for help): m                #<= m是帮助，需要人工输入m后回车，

Command action

   a   toggle a bootable flag                #<==设置引导扇区。

   b   edit bsd disklabel                    #<==编辑bsd卷标。

   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag     #<==设置dos兼容扇区。

   d   delete a partition                    #<==删除一个分区。

   l   list known partition types            #<==查看分区类型对应编号列表。

   m   print this menu                       #<==打印帮助菜单。

   n   add a new partition                   #<==新建一个分区。

   o   create a new empty DOS partition table     #<==创建一个新的空DOS分区表，

   p   print the partition table             #<==打印分区表。

   q   quit without saving changes           #<==退出不保存更改

   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel      #<==创建新的空 sun卷标。

   t   change a partition's system id        #<==更改分区系统id。

   u   change display/entry units            #<==改变显示/条目的单位。

   v   verify the partition table            #<==验证分区表。

   w   write table to disk and exit          #<==将操作写入分区表并退出程序。

   x   extra functionality (experts only)    #<==额外的功能。

Command (m for help): n     #<==新建一个分区，需要人工输入n后回车。

Command action

   e   extended                    #<==创建扩展分区。

   p   primary partition (1-4)     #<==创建主分区（编号1-4）。

p

Partition number (1-4): 1            #<==设置分区编号为1，需要人工输入1后回车。

First cylinder (1-130, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): +100M

#<==设置结束柱面（130）或分区大小（+100M），因为要划分出指定大小的分区，所以常用+100M这种方法，如果分区时使用fdisk -cu /dev/sdb，则这里就会使用扇区为单位来进行分区。

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x34d8eef3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1          14      112423+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

2

Invalid partition number for type `2'

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

e

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (15-130, default 15):

Using default value 15

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (15-130, default 130):

Using default value 130    #<==按回车键，默认设置结束柱而号130。

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x34d8eef3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1          14      112423+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2              15         130      931770    5  Extended

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   l   logical (5 or over)        #<=分了扩展分区，这里自动变为逻辑分区。

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3

No free sectors available     #<==不能再创建主分区，没有磁盘空间了。

                              #<==再新建一个分区。

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   l   logical (5 or over)

   p   primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (15-130, default 15): #<=按回车键，开始柱面号为15。

Using default value 15

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (15-130, default 130): +400M

                        #<==设置分区大小为400MB

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x34d8eef3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1          14      112423+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2              15         130      931770    5  Extended

/dev/sdb5              15          66      417658+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): n #<==新建一个分区。

Command action

   l   logical (5 or over)

   p   primary partition (1-4)

l    #<==再新建一个逻辑分区。

First cylinder (67-130, default 67):

Using default value 67

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (67-130, default 130):

Using default value 130

Command (m for help): p    #<==打印分区表。

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x34d8eef3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1          14      112423+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2              15         130      931770    5  Extended

/dev/sdb5              15          66      417658+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb6              67         130      514048+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w    #<==将操作写入分区表生效并退出程序。

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@cs6 ~]# ls /dev/sd*

/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sdb  /dev/sdb1  /dev/sdb2  /dev/sdb5  /dev/sdb6

[root@cs6 ~]#

[root@cs6 ~]# yum -y install parted

[root@cs6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb    #<==执行该命令通知内核分区表已更改，此步是不重启让分区表生效的命令。

[root@cs6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1    #<==只有格式化后的磁盘才能挂载到系统中使用，后面将会详细讲解mkfs.ext4命令。

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=1024 (log=0)

分块大小=1024 (log=0)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

28112 inodes, 112420 blocks

5621 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=1

Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008

14 block groups

8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group

2008 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

    8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

正在写入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@cs6 ~]# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/sdb1    #<=执行这个命令可以避免磁盘挂载自动检查磁盘，后面将会讲解tune2fs命令。

tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Setting maximal mount count to -1

步骤5：挂载磁盘分区。

[root@cs6 ~]# vi /etc/fstab    #<==最后一行加入，要开机自动挂载磁盘就要加入/etc/fstab或将上面的mount命令放入/etc/rc.local中。

/dev/sdb1              /mnt                     ext4       defaults     0  0

[root@cs6 ~]# vi /etc/rc.local    #<==或者编辑/etc/rc.local，最后一行加入，两种方法二选一。

mount  /dev/sdb1  /mnt

步骤6：其他事项。