#include <iostream>

 /* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */

 using namespace std;

 //定义栈的尺寸

 const int SIZE = ;

 //定义处理栈的类模板接口

 template <class T> class stack {

     T stck[SIZE];

     int tos;

 public:

     stack(void) {

         tos = ;

         cout << "Stack Initialized." << endl;

     }

     ~stack(void) {

        cout << "Stack Destroyed." << endl;

     }

     void push(T);

     T pop(void);

 };

 //定义栈的成员函数

 template <class T> void stack<T>::push(T i)

 {

     if(tos==SIZE)

     {

         cout << "Stack is full." << endl;

         return;

     }

     stck[tos++] = i;

 }

 template <class T> T stack<T>::pop(void)

 {

     if(tos==)

     {

         cout << "Stack underflow." << endl;

         return ;

     }

     return stck[--tos];

 }

 //main()函数中测试stack类模板

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {

         //处理int类型数据的栈

     cout<<"stack<int> a :"<<endl;

     stack<int> a;

     a.push();

     a.push();

     cout << a.pop() << " ";

     cout << a.pop() << endl;

     //处理double类型数据的栈

     cout<<"stack<double> b :"<<endl;

     stack<double> b;

     b.push(99.3);

     b.push(-12.23);

     cout << b.pop() << " ";

     cout << b.pop() <<endl;

     //处理char类型数据的栈

     cout<<"stack<char> c :"<<endl;

     stack<char> c;

     for(int i=; i<; i++)

       c.push((char) 'A' + i);

     for(int i=; i<; i++)

       cout <<c.pop();

     cout << endl;

     return ;

 }