二 定时器消息

1 定时器消息 WM_TIMER
   依照定时器设置时间段,自己主动向窗体发送一个定时器消息WM_TIMER. 优先级比較低.
   定时器精度比較低,毫秒级别.消息产生时间也精度比較低.
   
 2 消息和函数
   2.1 WM_TIMER  - 消息ID
    wParam: 定时器的ID
    lParam: 定时器的处理函数

2.2 SetTimer  - 设置一个定时器

UINT SetTimer(

HWND hWnd, //窗体的句柄,能够为NULL

UINT nIDEvent,//定时器的ID,0为不预设ID

UINT uElapse,//定时器时间间隔,毫秒级别

TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc );//定时器的处理函数,能够为NULL

返回一个创建好的定时器ID

2.3 KillTimer - 结束一个定时器

BOOL KillTimer(

      HWND hWnd,//窗体句柄

      UINT uIDEvent );//定时器ID

2.4 TimerProc - 定时器处理函数

VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(

    HWND hwnd, //窗体句柄

    UINT uMsg, //WM_TIMER消息ID

    UINT idEvent,//定时器ID

    DWORD dwTime   );//当前系统时间

3 使用方式
    3.1 创建定时器 SetTimer
     3.1.1 指定窗体句柄HWND,那么 TIMERPROC 參数能够为空,那么WM_TIMER消息将会发送给指定窗体. 假设未指定, TIMERPROC不能空, 必须指定定时器处理程序.
     3.1.2 假设指定定时器ID,SetTimer会依照这个ID创建定时器, 假设未指定,会返回一个创建定时器ID.

nTimerID = SetTimer( NULL, 0, 7 * 1000,TimerProc1 );

3.2 处理消息
      能够依据消息传入定时器ID号,分别处理.
    3.3 结束定时器
      在不使用时, KillTimer结束定时器

/* File : winpaint.cpp

 * Auth : sjin

 * Date : 20140706

 * Mail : 413977243@qq.com

 */  

#include <Windows.h>

#include <stdio.h>

HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;

HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;

UINT      g_nTimerID1 = 0;

/*定时器处理函数*/

void CALLBACK TimerProc1( HWND hWnd,

                          UINT nMsg,

                          UINT idEvent,

                          DWORD dwTime )

{

    CHAR szText[] = "TimerProc1: Hello Timer\n";

    WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,

        strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );

}

void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,

    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )

{

	/*

	UINT SetTimer(

		HWND hWnd, //窗体的句柄,能够为NULL

		UINT nIDEvent,//定时器的ID,0为不预设ID

		UINT uElapse,//定时器时间间隔,毫秒级别

		TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc );//定时器的处理函数,能够为NULL

		return : 创建好的定时器的ID号

	*/

    //使用窗体处理函数，创建2个定时器

    SetTimer( hWnd, 1000, 3 * 1000, NULL );

    SetTimer( hWnd, 1001, 5 * 1000, NULL );

    //使用窗体处理函数, 未指明定时器ID

    g_nTimerID1 = SetTimer( hWnd, 0, 2* 1000, NULL );

    //使用TimerProc处理函数创建定时器

    //SetTimer( hWnd, 1002, 7 * 1000, TimerProc1 );

	SetTimer( hWnd, 1002, 7 * 1000, NULL );

}

void OnTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,

    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )

{

    switch( wParam )

    {

    case 1000:

        {

            CHAR szText[] = "1000: Hello Timer\n";

            WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,

                strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );

        }

        break;

    case 1001:

        {

            CHAR szText[] = "1001: Hello Timer\n";

            WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,

                strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );

        }

        break;

    case 1002:/*1002 设置对应的处理函数，不会在这里调用*/

        {

            CHAR szText[] = "1002: Hello Timer\n";

            WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,

                strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );

        }

        break;

    default:

        {

            CHAR szText[260] = {0};

            sprintf( szText, "%d: Hello Timer\n",

                g_nTimerID1 );

            WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,

                strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );

        }

        break;

    }

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,

                          UINT nMsg,

                          WPARAM wParam,

                          LPARAM lParam )

{

    switch( nMsg )

    {

    case WM_CREATE:

        OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );

        break;

    case WM_TIMER:/*处理定时器事件，没有设置定时器回调函数的*/

        OnTimer( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );

        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:

		/*销毁定时器

		BOOL KillTimer(

			HWND hWnd,//窗体句柄

			 UINT uIDEvent );//定时器ID

		*/

        KillTimer( hWnd, 1000 );

		KillTimer( hWnd, 1001 );

		KillTimer( hWnd, 1002 );

		KillTimer( hWnd, g_nTimerID1 );

        PostQuitMessage( 0 );

        return 0;

    }

    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,

        wParam, lParam );

}

BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )

{

    WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };

    wce.cbSize        = sizeof( wce );

    wce.cbClsExtra    = 0;

    wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;

    wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);

    wce.hCursor       = NULL;

    wce.hIcon          = NULL;

    wce.hIconSm       = NULL;

    wce.hInstance     = g_hInst;

    wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;

    wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;

    wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;

    wce.style         = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;

    ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );

    if( 0 == nAtom )

    {

        return FALSE;

    }

    return TRUE;

}

HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )

{

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,

        pszClassName, "MyWnd",

        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,

        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

        CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL,

        g_hInst, 0 );

    return hWnd;

}

void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )

{

    ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );

    UpdateWindow( hWnd );

}

void Message( )

{

    MSG msg = {0};

    while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )

    {

        TranslateMessage( &msg );

        DispatchMessage( &msg );

    }

}

void NewConsole()

{

    /*产生控制台*/

    AllocConsole();  

    /*获得控制台标准输出流句柄*/

    g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

    CHAR szText[] = "Debug Message......:\n";

    /*将szText 写到控制台*/

    WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL);

}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,

                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,

                     int       nCmdShow)

{

    NewConsole( );

    g_hInst = hInstance;

    RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );

    HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );

    DisplayWnd( hWnd );

    Message( );

    return 0;

}

二 菜单
  1 菜单基础
    菜单 - 每一个菜单会有一个HMENU句柄
    菜单项 - 每一个菜单项会有一个ID号,能够依据这个ID运行不同的操作
  2 菜单的使用
    2.1 菜单创建
      2.1.1 CreateMenu - MENU 菜单
      2.1.2 CreatePopupMenu - POPUPMENU 弹出式菜单
      2.1.3 AppenedMenu - 添加菜单项

  BOOL AppendMenu(

  HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄

  UINT uFlags, //菜单项标示

  UINT uIDNewItem, //菜单项的ID或者子菜单句柄

  LPCTSTR lpNewItem ); //菜单项的名称

uFlags: 
      MF_STRING - lpNewItem是一个字符串
      MF_POPUP  - uIDNewItem是一个子菜单句柄
      MF_SEPARATOR - 添加分隔项
      MF_CHECKED/MF_UNCHECKED - 设置和取消菜单项的对勾
      MF_DISABLED/MF_ENABLE - 菜单项禁止和同意状态
   2.2 菜单的命令响应
     2.2.1 WM_COMMAND消息
       当用户点击菜单、button控件等时，系统会向窗体发送WM_COAMMD消息。

WPARAM：HIWORD - 通知消息标识
                 LOWORD - 菜单项的ID号
         LPARAM：控件的句柄
     2.2.2 命令处理
        依据菜单项的ID号作对应处理。
        
   2.3 菜单项的状态
      2.3.1 WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息
        当用户点击菜单，显示弹出菜单之前，系统会向窗体发送WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息。
        WPARAM：是菜单句柄
        LPARAM：LOWORD - 菜单位置
                HIWORD - 是否是系统菜单
      2.3.2 命令处理
        依据WPARAM的菜单句柄，使用MenuAPI函数，改动菜单状态。

CheckMenuItem - 选择
         EnableMenuItem - 同意和禁止
         SetMenuItemInfo - 能够设置很多其它信息

/* File : winMenu.cpp

 * Auth : sjin

 * Date : 20140706

 * Mail : 413977243@qq.com

 */    

#include <Windows.h>

#include <stdio.h>

HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;

HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;

BOOL      g_bCheckCut = FALSE;

void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,

    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )

{    //创建主菜单

    HMENU hMainMenu = CreateMenu( );

    //创建子菜单

    HMENU hFileMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );

    //添加菜单项 （&N） 添加快捷键ALT+N）

    AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING|MF_CHECKED, 1001, "新建(&N)");

	/*添加切割线的标示*/

    AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );

    AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出(&X)");

    AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP,

        (UINT)hFileMenu, "文件(&F)");

    HMENU hEditMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );

    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1003, "剪切(&T)" );

	/*添加切割线的标示*/

    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );

    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1004, "拷贝(&C)" );

	/*添加切割线的标示*/

    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );

    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1005, "粘贴(&P)" );

    AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP,

        (UINT)hEditMenu, "编辑(&E)");

    HMENU hHelpMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );

    AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1006, "帮助(&H)" );

	/*添加切割线的标示*/

    AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );

    AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1007, "关于(&A)" );

    AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP,

        (UINT)hHelpMenu, "帮助(&H)");

    //给窗体设置主菜单

    SetMenu( hWnd, hMainMenu );

}

void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,

               WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )

{

	/*wParam: HIWORD: 通知消息的标示

	 *        LOWORD：菜单项的ID

	 * lParam: 控件的句柄

	 *         对菜单来说这个为NULL

	 *         对其它控件（button等）为句柄

	 */

    UINT nID = LOWORD( wParam );

    CHAR szText[260] = {0};

    sprintf( szText, "OnCommand: %d\n",

        nID );

    WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,

        strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );

	/*菜单项的处理*/

    switch( nID )

    {

    case 1002:/*退出*/

        PostQuitMessage( 0 );

        break;

    case 1003:

        g_bCheckCut = !g_bCheckCut;

        break;

    }

}

void OnInitMenuPopup( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,

    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )

{

    CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };

    sprintf( szText,

        "OnInitMenuPopup: WPARAM=%08X, LPARAM=%08X\n",

        wParam, lParam );

    WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,

        strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );

    HMENU hMenu = (HMENU)wParam;

    if( TRUE == g_bCheckCut )

    {

		/*CheckMenuItem是一个API函数，功能是复选或撤消复选指定的菜单栏目*/

        CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003,

            MF_CHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND );

    }

    else

    {

        CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003,

            MF_UNCHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND );

    }

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,

                          UINT nMsg,

                          WPARAM wParam,

                          LPARAM lParam )

{

    switch( nMsg )

    {

    case WM_CREATE:

        OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );

        break;

		/*用户点击菜单、button控件等时，系统会想窗体发送WM_COAMMD消息*/

    case WM_COMMAND:

        OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );

        break;

		/*用户点击菜单，显示弹出菜单之前，系统会向窗体发送WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息

		 *用于更新菜单项的状态

		 */

    case WM_INITMENUPOPUP:

        OnInitMenuPopup( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );

        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:

        PostQuitMessage( 0 );

        return 0;

    }

    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,

        wParam, lParam );

}

BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )

{

    WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };

    wce.cbSize        = sizeof( wce );

    wce.cbClsExtra    = 0;

    wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;

    wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);

    wce.hCursor       = NULL;

    wce.hIcon          = NULL;

    wce.hIconSm       = NULL;

    wce.hInstance     = g_hInst;

    wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;

    wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;

    wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;

    wce.style         = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;

    ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );

    if( 0 == nAtom )

    {

        return FALSE;

    }

    return TRUE;

}

HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )

{

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,

        pszClassName, "MyWnd",

        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,

        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

        CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL,

        g_hInst, 0 );

    return hWnd;

}

void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )

{

    ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );

    UpdateWindow( hWnd );

}

void Message( )

{

    MSG msg = {0};

    while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )

    {

        TranslateMessage( &msg );

        DispatchMessage( &msg );

    }

}

void NewConsole( )

{

    AllocConsole( );

    g_hStdOut =

        GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );

}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,

                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,

                     int       nCmdShow)

{

    NewConsole( );

    g_hInst = hInstance;

    RegisterWnd( "MYWND_MENU" );

    HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND_MENU" );

    DisplayWnd( hWnd );

    Message( );

    return 0;

}

三 系统菜单

1 运行系统提供的窗体命令。比如最大化、关闭等命令。本质上和普通菜单一样，所以我们也能够在程序中使用这个菜单
    
  2 系统菜单的使用
    2.1 获取系统菜单
       GetSystemMenu

 HMENU GetSystemMenu(

    HWND hWnd, //要获取的窗体句柄

  BOOL bRevert  //获取时重置标示

 );

bRevert: TRUE 重置 FLASE 不重置
    当Revert为TRUE时。会将菜单又一次置成默认的状态，并返回菜单句柄。假设为FALSE，菜单项不重置，获取到当前系统菜单的状态。

2.2 改动系统菜单，比如添加、删除
       2.2.1 AppednMenu
       2.2.2 InsertMenu 
         比AppednMenu添加了一个插入菜单项的位置或ID。
       2.2.3 删除菜单项

  BOOL RemoveMenu( //

    HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄

    UINT uPosition,//菜单项的位置或ID

    UINT uFlags );//菜单项的位置或ID的标示。

uFlags为MF_BYCOMMAND， uPosition为菜单ID
    uFlags为MF_BYPOSITION，uPosition为菜单位置

2.3 系统菜单的命令响应
       系统菜单的命令响应。是在WM_SYSCOMMAND中。

WPARAM - LOWORD(wParam)为添加的菜单的ID

     int nID = LOWORD( wParam );

    switch( nID )

    {

    case 1001:

      //...

        break;

    }

/* File : winMenu.cpp

 * Auth : sjin

 * Date : 20140706

 * Mail : 413977243@qq.com

 */      

#include <Windows.h>

#include <stdio.h> 

HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;

HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;

void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,

              WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )

{

	/* 获取系统菜单

	 * HMENU GetSystemMenu(

	 *    HWND hWnd, //要获取的窗体句柄

     *    BOOL bRevert  //获取时重置标示

     *   );

	 *   bRevert : TRUE时，菜单会重置为默认状态

	 *             FALSE: 菜单不重置获得当前系统的菜单状态

	 */

    HMENU hSysMenu = GetSystemMenu( hWnd, FALSE );

    /*删除菜单项

	 * BOOL RemoveMenu( //

	 *		 HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄

     *       UINT uPosition,//菜单项的位置或ID

     *        UINT uFlags );//菜单项的位置或ID的标示

	 *   uFlags为MF_BYCOMMAND， uPosition为菜单ID

     *   uFlags为MF_BYPOSITION，uPosition为菜单位置

	 */

    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );

    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );

    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );

    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );

    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );

    // 添加菜单项

    InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING,

        1001, "測试1" );

    InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 1, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING,

        1002, "測试2" );

}

void OnSysCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,

                   WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )

{

    CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };

    sprintf( szText,

        "OnSysCommand: WPARAM=%08X,LPARAM=%08X\n",

        wParam, lParam );

    WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,

        strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );

    int nID = LOWORD( wParam );

    switch( nID )

    {

    case 1001:

        MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1001", "SysMenu", MB_CANCELTRYCONTINUE );

        break;

    case 1002:

        MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1002",  "SysMenu", MB_OK );

        break;

	default:

		break;

    }

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND   hWnd,

                          UINT   nMsg,

                          WPARAM wParam,

                          LPARAM lParam )

{

    switch( nMsg )

    {

    case WM_CREATE:

        OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );

        break;

    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:/*系统菜单命令响应*/

        OnSysCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );

        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:

        PostQuitMessage( 0 );

        return 0;

    }

    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,

        wParam, lParam );

}

BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )

{

    WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };

    wce.cbSize        = sizeof( wce );

    wce.cbClsExtra    = 0;

    wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;

    wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);

    wce.hCursor       = NULL;

    wce.hIcon         = NULL;

    wce.hIconSm       = NULL;

    wce.hInstance     = g_hInst;

    wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;

    wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;

    wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;

    wce.style         = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;

    ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );

    if( 0 ==  nAtom )

    {

        return FALSE;

    }

    return TRUE;

}

HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )

{

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,

        pszClassName, "MyWnd",

        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,

        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

        CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,

        NULL );

    return hWnd;

}

void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )

{

    ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );

    UpdateWindow( hWnd );

}

void Message( )

{

    MSG msg = { 0 };

    while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )

    {

        TranslateMessage( &msg );

        DispatchMessage( &msg );

    }

}

void NewConsole( )

{

    AllocConsole( );

    g_hStdOut =

        GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );

}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,

                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,

                     int       nCmdShow)

{

    NewConsole( );

    g_hInst = hInstance;

    RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );

    HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );

    DisplayWnd( hWnd );

    Message( );

    return 0;

}

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